乙酸正丁酯 n-Butyl acetate

乙酸正丁酯（n-Butyl acetate，分子式 C6H12O2，CH3COO(CH2)3CH3，简称 乙酸丁酯 / 醋酸正丁酯）是由乙酸与正丁醇酯化制得的饱和羧酸酯，常温下为无色透明、易挥发、具愉快水果香气（香蕉/菠萝香型）的液体，微溶于水（约 0.7 g/100 mL，20 °C），能与乙醇、乙醚、丙酮、烃类、大多数有机溶剂及天然/合成树脂以任意比例混溶。因其挥发度适中、溶解力强、气味温和，是涂料与油墨工业最常用的中沸点溶剂之一。

n-Butyl acetate (C6H12O2, CH3COO(CH2)3CH3, also butyl acetate / acetic acid n-butyl ester) is the saturated carboxylic ester from acetic acid and n-butanol; a colorless, volatile liquid with a pleasant fruity (banana/pineapple) odour at room temperature, slightly soluble in water (~0.7 g/100 mL at 20 C) and miscible with ethanol, ether, acetone, hydrocarbons, most organic solvents and natural/synthetic resins. With moderate volatility, strong solvency and mild odour it is one of the most common medium-boiling solvents in coatings and inks.

其主要用途极广：涂料与油墨工业中用作硝基漆、聚氨酯漆、丙烯酸漆、过氯乙烯漆等的优良溶剂与稀释剂；人造革、织物/塑料加工中的溶剂；安全玻璃（夹层）荧光粉粘合剂溶剂；医药工业中用作红霉素等抗生素的萃取溶剂，以及分析试剂、色谱标准物质与溶剂；香料工业中作为香蕉、梨、菠萝、杏、桃、草莓等香精的调配原料（GB 2760 / FEMA 2174 允许食用香料）；亦可用作萃取剂与清洗剂。

Principal uses are broad: in coatings and inks as an excellent solvent/diluent for nitrocellulose, PU, acrylic and perchlorovinyl lacquers; solvent in artificial leather, fabric/plastic processing; fluorescent-powder binder solvent in safety glass; in pharma as extraction solvent for antibiotics (e.g. erythromycin) and as analytical reagent / GC standard / solvent; in flavours for banana, pear, pineapple, apricot, peach, strawberry essences (GB 2760 / FEMA 2174 permitted food flavouring); also extraction solvent and cleaner.

CAS 登记号 CAS No.

123-86-4

分子式 Molecular formula

C6H12O2（CH3COO(CH2)3CH3）

分子量 Molecular weight

116.16 g/mol

EC 号 EC / EINECS

204-658-1

EC Index 号

607-025-00-1

RTECS 号

AF7350000

MDL 号

MFCD00009445

PubChem CID

31272

HS 编码 HS Code

29153300（中国 8 位，其他乙酸丁酯；10 位常见 2915330000

China 8-digit 29153300; 10-digit commonly 2915330000）

UN 编号 / 危险类别 UN / Class

UN 1123（BUTYL ACETATES），第 3 类易燃液体，包装类别 III（PG III）/ UN 1123 (BUTYL ACETATES), Class 3 flammable liquid, Packing Group III

中国危险货物编号 China DG No.

32130，第 3.2 类中闪点易燃液体

32130, Class 3.2 medium-flash flammable liquid

别名 Synonyms

乙酸正丁酯；乙酸丁酯；醋酸正丁酯；醋酸丁酯；n-Butyl acetate；butyl ethanoate；butyl acetate；acetic acid n-butyl ester

项目 Item

指标 Specification

测试方法 Test Method

乙酸正丁酯含量 Assay (GC)

>= 99.5 %（优等品）；>= 99.2 %（一等品）；>= 99.0 %（合格品）；>= 99.0 %（试剂 AR）/ >=99.5% (premium); >=99.2% (first); >=99.0% (qualified); >=99.0% (reagent AR)

GC / GB/T 3729

外观 Appearance

无色透明液体，无悬浮杂质 / Colorless clear liquid, free of visible impurities

Visual

色度 Color (APHA/Hazen)

≤ 10（优等品/一等品/合格品）

GB/T 3143 / ASTM D1209

水分 Water (KF)

≤ 0.05 %（优等品）；≤ 0.10 %（一等品）；≤ 0.10 %（合格品）；≤ 0.05 %（试剂）

GB/T 6283 / ASTM E1064

酸度 Acidity (as acetic acid)

≤ 0.010 %（优等品/一等品/合格品；以乙酸计）；≤ 0.005 %（试剂）

Titration / GB/T

正丁醇 n-Butanol

≤ 0.2 %（优等品）；≤ 0.5 %（一等品）；—（合格品）

GC / GB/T 3729

蒸发残渣 Evap. residue

≤ 0.005 %（优等品/一等品/合格品）；≤ 0.005 %（试剂）

GB/T 6324.2

密度 Density (20 °C)

0.878 – 0.883 g/cm3（20/4 ℃）

GB/T 4472 / ASTM D4052

气味 Odor

符合特征果香，无异味、无残留气味 / Characteristic fruity, no off-odour, no residual odour

Sensorial

分子式 Molecular formula

C6H12O2（CH3COO(CH2)3CH3）

分子量 Molecular weight

116.16 g/mol（精确质量 116.158）

外观 Appearance

无色透明、易挥发液体，具愉快水果香气，易燃

Colorless, volatile liquid, pleasant fruity odour, flammable

熔点 / 凝固点 Melting point

约 −78 °C（文献 −77.9 ~ −78 °C；Sigma/Merck 记 −78 °C）/ ~−78 C; lit. −77.9 to −78 C

沸点 Boiling point

约 126 °C（常压；文献 124 – 126 °C；ICSC 记 126 °C）/ ~126 C at 760 mmHg; lit. 124-126 C

密度 Density

0.88 g/mL（25 °C；Sigma/Merck）；0.8825 g/cm3（20 °C）；范围 0.878–0.883

相对蒸气密度 Vapor density (air=1)

约 4.0（比空气重

heavier than air）

蒸气压 Vapor pressure

约 1.2 kPa（9 mmHg）@ 20 °C（ICSC）；15 mmHg @ 25 °C（Sigma/Merck）；11.5 mmHg @ 25 °C

闪点 Flash point

约 27 °C（闭杯；Merck/Evonik/Sigma/EMSURE 制造商页记 27 °C；ICSC 与多数中文 MSDS 记 22 °C，差异源于测定/各厂——主导分类按 27 °C）/ ~27 C (closed cup; Merck/Evonik/Sigma/EMSURE pages 27 C; ICSC & most Chinese MSDS 22 C - discrepancy from measurement/lot; dominant classification uses 27 C)

自燃温度 Auto-ignition temp.

约 421 °C（≈790 °F；Sigma/Merck/中文制造商主流共识，ICSC 亦记 421 °C；注：Wikipedia 与个别中文 MSDS 列 370 °C，文献存在差异

~421 C (790 F); Sigma/Merck/Chinese manufacturer mainstream consensus, ICSC also 421 C; NOTE: Wikipedia and a few Chinese MSDS list 370 C - literature discrepancy)

爆炸极限 Explosive limits (air)

约 1.4 %–8.0 %（体积；下限 1.2–1.4 %，上限 7.5–8.0 %）/ ~1.4%-8.0% v/v (LEL 1.2-1.4%, UEL 7.5-8.0%)

折射率 Refractive index (n20/D)

1.394（文献 1.393 – 1.396）

分配系数 log P (辛醇/水)

约 1.8（XLogP3 计算值；文献 1.82）/ ~1.8 (XLogP3; lit. 1.82)

粘度 Viscosity

约 0.685 mPa·s（25 °C；Sigma/HSDB）；约 0.734 mPa·s（20 °C；中文厂商页）

溶解度 Solubility

微溶于水（约 0.7 g/100 mL，20 °C ≈ 7 g/L）；与乙醇、乙醚、丙酮、烃类等多数有机溶剂及树脂任意比例混溶

Slightly soluble in water (~0.7 g/100 mL, 20 C ~7 g/L); miscible with ethanol, ether, acetone, hydrocarbons and most organic solvents/resins

介电常数 Dielectric constant

约 5.0（20 °C）

燃烧热 Heat of combustion

约 3464 kJ/mol

临界温度 Critical temp.

约 306 °C（临界压力约 3.1 MPa）

对水危害等级 WGK

1（德国；Merck/Sigma/ChemicalBook/ICSC/chembk 等所有来源一致为 WGK 1，无冲突

1 (Germany); all sources agree WGK 1 - no conflict）

涂料与油墨：硝基漆、聚氨酯漆、丙烯酸漆、过氯乙烯漆等的优良溶剂与稀释剂；凹版/柔版油墨的溶剂（调节挥发速率与流平性）。

Coatings & inks: excellent solvent/diluent for nitrocellulose, PU, acrylic, perchlorovinyl lacquers; solvent in gravure/flexo inks (adjusting evaporation rate and levelling).

人造革、织物与塑料：人造革、织物及塑料加工过程中的溶剂；安全玻璃荧光粉粘合剂溶剂。

Artificial leather, textiles & plastics: solvent in artificial-leather, fabric and plastic processing; fluorescent-powder binder solvent in safety glass.

医药、分析与香料：抗生素（红霉素等）萃取溶剂；分析试剂、色谱标准物质与溶剂；香蕉/梨/菠萝等食用香精调配原料（GB 2760 / FEMA 2174 允许食用香料）；亦作萃取剂与清洗剂。

Pharma, analysis & flavour: extraction solvent for antibiotics (erythromycin); analytical reagent, GC standard & solvent; banana/pear/pineapple food-essence raw material (GB 2760 / FEMA 2174 permitted flavouring); also extraction solvent and cleaner.

阴凉、通风、干燥、防爆库房；远离火种、热源与引火源，库温不宜超过 30 °C，密封保存。按第 3 类易燃液体管理，使用防爆型照明与通风，禁用易产生火花的设备与工具，容器与管线须可靠接地/跨接防静电。乙酸正丁酯蒸气比空气重，易在低处积聚并远距离扩散，须特别注意地沟、地下室等低位空间的通风与防爆。

Store in a cool, well-ventilated, dry, explosion-proof area; away from ignition, heat; warehouse temp. preferably <= 30 C, keep sealed. Managed as Class 3 flammable liquid; explosion-proof lighting/ventilation, no sparking equipment/tools, bond/ground containers and piping. Vapour is heavier than air and can accumulate low and travel far - pay special attention to ventilation/explosion protection in low spaces (drains, basements).

操作人员须佩戴防护眼镜、防毒（有机蒸气）口罩、耐溶剂手套（丁腈等）与防护服，在通风良好处作业，避免皮肤/眼睛接触与吸入蒸气。乙酸正丁酯刺激眼睛与呼吸道（H336）、低毒（H302），高浓度蒸气有中枢神经麻醉作用（EUH066 反复接触致皮肤干燥开裂）。皮肤接触用肥皂和大量清水冲洗；眼睛接触用清水冲洗至少 15 分钟并就医；吸入移至空气新鲜处，必要时就医；切勿催吐。工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水，工后更衣。

Operators wear goggles, organic-vapour respirator, solvent-resistant gloves (nitrile) and protective clothing; work in well-ventilated areas; avoid skin/eye contact and vapour inhalation. n-Butyl acetate irritates eyes and respiratory tract (H336), low-toxicity (H302), high vapour narcotic to CNS (EUH066 repeated contact dries/cracks skin). Wash skin with soap and plenty of water; flush eyes >=15 min and seek care; move to fresh air if inhaled; do NOT induce vomiting. No smoking/eating/drinking on site; change clothes after work.

禁忌：与强氧化剂（硝酸、高锰酸钾、过氧化物、浓硝酸等）、强酸、强碱分开存放，切忌混储；与强氧化剂接触可发生剧烈反应甚至燃烧爆炸。避免与空气长时间接触以防吸湿（水分升高会使酸度上升）。干燥时对多数金属无明显腐蚀性，可用碳钢/铝制容器（但须防静电、接地）。

Incompatibilities: segregate from strong oxidizers (nitric acid, permanganate, peroxides, conc. nitric), strong acids, strong bases; violent reaction/fire/explosion on contact with strong oxidizers. Avoid prolonged air contact to prevent moisture uptake (rising water raises acidity). Dry product is not markedly corrosive to most metals; carbon-steel/aluminium containers acceptable (but static-protected/grounded).

桶装：常见 180 kg/桶（200 L 铁桶/镀锌桶）等规格；亦可用清洁干燥钢桶。

Drum: commonly 180 kg/drum (200 L iron/galvanized drum); clean dry steel drum also used.

IBC 吨桶 / 槽罐车 / 散装：可按客户需求提供（须为耐溶剂材质，且须防静电、接地）。

IBC tote / tank truck / bulk: available on request (solvent-resistant material, with static protection/grounding).

注意：属第 3 类易燃液体（UN 1123，PG III，中闪点），须使用符合 UN 包装要求的容器并张贴第 3 类易燃标识；具体按目的国法规与承运人要求（Evonik SDS 按运输商判定列 PG II，可遵承运人要求）。

Note: Class 3 flammable liquid (UN 1123, PG III, medium-flash) - use UN-compliant packaging and affix Class 3 flammable labels; per destination regulation and carrier (Evonik SDS lists PG II per carrier - follow carrier).

在原包装、密闭、阴凉通风（≤ 30 °C，避光、远离热源与火种）条件下，建议保质期 12 个月（工业级；部分厂商建议不宜长期储存，参考储存期约 2 个月以防水分/酸度升高）。乙酸正丁酯不易生成过氧化物（与四氢呋喃等醚类不同），但仍须密封、阴凉、避光保存，远离氧化剂与强酸碱；开封后宜尽快使用。

Recommended shelf life 12 months under original sealed packaging, cool and dry (<= 30 C, away from light, heat, ignition) for industrial grade (some suppliers advise not for long storage, reference storage ~2 months to avoid rising water/acidity). n-Butyl acetate does NOT readily form peroxides (unlike ethers such as THF), but still keep sealed, cool, dark, away from oxidizers and strong acids/bases; use promptly after opening.

GHS 危险性分类（Sigma-Aldrich/Merck、Merck Millipore/EMSURE、ChemicalBook、ICSC、ECHA C&L 库存主流共识）：易燃液体 3 类 H226（易燃液体和蒸气）；特异性靶器官毒性-一次接触 3 类 H336（嗜睡/头晕，中枢神经效应）；补充危害 EUH066（反复暴露可能导致皮肤干燥或开裂）。象形图：GHS02（火焰）+ GHS07（感叹号）；部分中文 SDS 扩展列 H302（吞咽有害）/ H315（皮肤刺激）/ H319（严重眼刺激）/ H332（吸入有害）。信号词 警告/Warning。注意：本品不属于高度易燃（2类）或腐蚀性物质，亦不含 GHS08 致癌/生殖危害类代码。

GHS classification (Sigma-Aldrich/Merck, Merck Millipore/EMSURE, ChemicalBook, ICSC, ECHA C&L Inventory mainstream consensus): Flam. Liq. 3 H226 (flammable liquid and vapour); STOT SE 3 H336 (drowsiness/dizziness, CNS effect); supplementary EUH066 (repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking). Pictograms: GHS02 (flame) + GHS07 (exclamation); some Chinese SDS additionally list H302 (harmful if swallowed)/H315 (skin irritation)/H319 (serious eye irritation)/H332 (harmful if inhaled). Signal word Warning. Note: this product is NOT a highly-flammable (Category 2) or corrosive substance, and carries no GHS08 carcinogen/reproductive codes.

⚠ 易燃（最重要）：闪点约 27 °C（闭杯，实测 22–27 °C），属中闪点易燃液体（第 3.2 类）；蒸气与空气形成爆炸性混合物（爆炸极限约 1.4 %–8.0 %），自燃温度约 421 °C。远离开火、高热与强氧化剂；储存使用防爆电气，容器管线接地防静电，保持通风。灭火用抗溶泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳或砂土（水效果差），消防人员须在上风向、佩戴防毒面具。

⚠ Flammable (MOST IMPORTANT): flash point ~27 C (c.c., measured 22-27 C), a medium-flash flammable liquid (Class 3.2); vapour forms explosive mixtures with air (explosive limits ~1.4%-8.0%), autoignition ~421 C. Keep from ignition, high heat and strong oxidizers; explosion-proof electrical, bonded/grounded containers, ventilated. Extinguish with alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, CO2 or sand (water poor); firefighters upwind with respirators.

眼/呼吸道刺激与低毒：H336 吸入致嗜睡头晕、H319 严重眼刺激（部分 SDS）、H302 吞咽有害、H315 皮肤刺激（部分 SDS）；避免吸入蒸气或接触皮肤眼睛。急性毒性总体较低：LD50 大鼠经口约 14.1 g/kg（Merck EMPLURA；文献范围约 10.7–14.1 g/kg；Wikipedia 记约 10.8 g/kg），兔经皮 > 14 g/kg；高浓度蒸气有中枢神经麻醉作用。操作时做好职业防护与通风。

Eye/respiratory irritation & low toxicity: H336 inhalation drowsiness/dizziness, H319 serious eye irritation (some SDS), H302 harmful if swallowed, H315 skin irritation (some SDS); avoid vapour inhalation and contact. Overall low acute toxicity: LD50 rat oral ~14.1 g/kg (Merck EMPLURA; literature ~10.7-14.1 g/kg; Wikipedia ~10.8 g/kg), rabbit dermal >14 g/kg; high vapour narcotic to CNS. Use PPE and ventilation.

运输信息 Transport：UN 1123（BUTYL ACETATES），第 3 类易燃液体，包装类别 III（PG III；Evonik SDS 列 PG II），中国危险货物编号 32130（第 3.2 类中闪点易燃液体）。须使用 UN 认证包装、张贴第 3 类易燃标识，海运/空运/公路分别符合 IMDG/IATA/ADR 要求；具体以目的国法规与承运人判定为准。

Transport: UN 1123 (BUTYL ACETATES), Class 3 flammable liquid, Packing Group III (PG III; Evonik SDS lists PG II), China DG No. 32130 (Class 3.2 medium-flash flammable liquid). Use UN-certified packaging and Class 3 labels; comply with IMDG/IATA/ADR as applicable; per destination regulation and carrier.

法规 Regulatory：列入中国《危险化学品目录(2015版)》序号 2657（乙酸正丁酯），危险货物编号 32130（第 3.2 类）。经多源核实不属于易制毒（445号令三类均不受管控）、不属于易制爆（2017版名录）、不属于首批/第二批重点监管、不属于各类监控化学品；国家层面不属列管易制毒（出口无需国家级易制毒出口许可证）。美国 TSCA 已列；欧盟 REACH 已注册（Active）。出口须提供商检与合规 SDS/标签。另为 GB 2760 / FEMA 2174 允许食用香料。

Regulatory: listed in China's at entry No. 2657 (n-butyl acetate), China DG No. 32130 (Class 3.2). Verified NOT a precursor (Decree 445 all three categories not controlled), NOT explosively-unstable (2017 list), NOT first/second-batch key-supervised, NOT a monitored chemical; not a nationally-controlled precursor (no national precursor export licence needed). US TSCA listed; EU REACH registered (Active). Export requires commodity inspection and compliant SDS/labels. Also a GB 2760 / FEMA 2174 permitted food flavouring.

NFPA 704：健康 1 / 易燃 3 / 反应 0（H 1 / F 3 / R 0）/ NFPA 704: Health 1 / Flammability 3 / Reactivity 0 (H 1 / F 3 / R 0).

NFPA 704: Health 1 / Flammability 3 / Reactivity 0 (H 1 / F 3 / R 0).