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产品名称 Product Name |
丙三醇(甘油) / Glycerol (Glycerin) |
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别名 Synonyms |
丙三醇、甘油、1,2,3-丙三醇、1,2,3-三羟基丙烷、甘醇、三羟基丙烷 / Glycerol, Glycerin, Glycerine, 1,2,3-Propanetriol, Propane-1,2,3-triol, Glyceritol, Trihydroxypropane |
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级别/型号 Grade |
工业级 / 化妆品级 / 食品级(FEMA 422, GRAS;INS 422)/ Industrial / Cosmetic / Food grade (FEMA 422, GRAS; INS 422) |
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商标 Trademark |
N/A(按级别与纯度分级)/ N/A (graded by grade & purity) |
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形态 Form |
无色至淡黄色、无臭、黏稠糖浆状液体 / Colorless to pale yellow, odorless, viscous syrupy liquid |
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CAS 登记号 CAS No. |
56-81-5 |
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EC / EINECS 号 |
200-289-5(EINECS)/ 200-289-5 (EINECS) |
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香料/添加剂号 Flavor No. |
FEMA 422(GRAS 食品添加剂);INS 422;JECFA 909 / FEMA 422 (GRAS food additive); INS 422; JECFA 909 |
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海关编码 HS Code |
2905.45(8位 29054500;10位 2905450000「甘油,不论是否浓缩」)/ 2905.45 (8-digit 29054500; 10-digit 2905450000 'glycerol, whether or not concentrated') |
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PubChem CID |
753(PubChem)/ 753 (PubChem) |
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InChIKey |
PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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主要用途 Primary Use |
食品(保湿剂、甜味剂、溶剂;FEMA 422/INS 422);医药(溶剂、赋形剂、润肤剂);化妆品(保湿剂 humectant);工业(防冻液、增塑剂、醇酸树脂与聚氨酯原料、硝化甘油原料);化工中间体(环氧氯丙烷、表面活性剂) Food (humectant, sweetener, solvent; FEMA 422/INS 422); pharma (solvent, excipient, emollient); cosmetics (humectant); industrial (antifreeze, plasticizer, alkyd/PU raw material, nitroglycerin precursor); chemical intermediate (epichlorohydrin, surfactants) |
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主要成分 Main Component |
丙三醇(Glycerol,俗称甘油)是三元醇,化学名 propane-1,2,3-triol,分子式 C3H8O3;天然存在于动植物油脂中,工业上由油脂水解(皂化)或油脂 transesterification 制生物柴油的副产甘油经精制得到,也可由丙烯经环氧氯丙烷或丙烯醛法合成。常温下为无色至淡黄色、无臭、黏稠糖浆状强吸湿液体,熔点约 18°C、沸点约 290°C(分解),与水完全混溶,具保湿、增塑、润滑等多种功能。主要用作食品保湿剂与溶剂(FEMA 422/GRAS)、医药与化妆品润肤保湿原料、工业防冻与增塑剂、醇酸树脂/聚氨酯/硝化甘油原料,以及环氧氯丙烷等化工中间体。 Glycerol (glycerin) is a trihydric alcohol, IUPAC propane-1,2,3-triol, C3H8O3; occurs naturally in fats/oils, industrially obtained by refining crude glycerin from fat hydrolysis/saponification or biodiesel transesterification, also synthesized from propylene. Colorless-to-pale-yellow, odorless, viscous, strongly hygroscopic liquid at RT; mp ~18°C, bp ~290°C (decomp), fully miscible with water; functions as humectant, plasticizer, lubricant. Used as food humectant/solvent (FEMA 422/GRAS), pharma/cosmetic emollient, industrial antifreeze/plasticizer, alkyd/PU/nitroglycerin raw material, and intermediate (epichlorohydrin). |
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杂质/副成分 Impurities |
杂质受控:水分、有机残渣(甘油二酯/单酯、脂肪酸皂)、无机盐、重金属、砷、氯化物、硫酸盐、易碳化物、铁等;食品/化妆品级另控微生物与有关物质限度。 Controlled impurities: moisture, organic residues (di-/mono-glycerides, fatty acid soaps), inorganic salts, heavy metals, arsenic, chloride, sulfate, readily carbonizable substances, iron; food/cosmetic grades also control microbes & related-substance limits. |
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组分 Component |
CAS 登记号 CAS No. |
含量 Content (wt%) |
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丙三醇(甘油) Glycerol |
56-81-5 |
≥95.0%(工业);≥99.5%(食品/化妆品级)/ ≥95.0% (industrial); ≥99.5% (food/cosmetic) |
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分子式/分子量 Formula / MW |
C3H8O3 / 92.09 g/mol |
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外观 Appearance |
无色至淡黄色、无臭、黏稠糖浆状液体;强吸湿 / Colorless to pale yellow, odorless, viscous syrupy liquid; strongly hygroscopic |
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颜色 Color |
无色(高纯 APHA ≤10)至淡黄色 / Colorless (high-purity APHA ≤10) to pale yellow |
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气味 Odor |
无臭 / Odorless |
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离子型 Ionic Type |
非离子;三元醇(三个羟基)/ Non-ionic; trihydric alcohol (three hydroxyl groups) |
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熔点 Melting Point |
17.8 – 20 °C(lit.;不同来源 17.8–20 °C,常呈过冷液态)/ 17.8–20 °C (lit.; some sources 17.8–20 °C, often supercooled liquid) |
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沸点 Boiling Point |
290 °C(分解,lit.)/ 290 °C (with decomposition, lit.) |
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溶解性 Solubility |
与水完全混溶(>500 g/L,20°C;约 5 M);溶于乙醇、丙二醇、低级醇;不溶于油脂、烃类 / Miscible with water (>500 g/L, 20°C; ~5 M); soluble in ethanol, propylene glycol, lower alcohols; insoluble in fats/oils, hydrocarbons |
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密度 Density |
1.25 g/mL(20°C,lit.);常引 1.257–1.261 g/cm³ / 1.25 g/mL (20°C, lit.); commonly 1.257–1.261 g/cm³ |
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折射率 Refractive Index |
n20/D 1.474(lit.)/ n20/D 1.474 (lit.) |
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闪点 Flash Point |
约 160 °C(开杯,320 °F,lit.)/ ~160 °C (open cup, 320 °F, lit.) |
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粘度 Viscosity |
约 1499 mPa·s(20°C,公认文献值;高黏度)/ ~1499 mPa·s (20°C, literature; high viscosity) |
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项目 Item |
典型值 Typical |
测试方法/来源 Method / Source |
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含量 Assay (C3H8O3) |
工业级 ≥95.0%;食品/化妆品级 ≥99.5% / Industrial ≥95.0%; Food/cosmetic ≥99.5% |
高碘酸滴定 / 气相色谱 GC |
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色泽 Color (APHA/Hazen) |
食品级 ≤10;工业级 ≤30 / Food ≤10; Industrial ≤30 |
铂钴比色法 / Pt-Co colorimetry |
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相对密度 Specific gravity (20°C) |
1.257 – 1.261 |
比重瓶法 / Pycnometer |
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折射率 Refractive index (n20/D) |
1.470 – 1.475 |
阿贝折射仪 / Abbe refractometer |
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水分 Water |
食品级 ≤0.5%;工业级 ≤1.0% / Food ≤0.5%; Industrial ≤1.0% |
卡尔费休法 / Karl Fischer |
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酸度 Acidity (as lactic acid) |
≤0.03% |
滴定法 / Titration |
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灼烧残渣 Residue on ignition |
≤0.01%(食品级)/ ≤0.01% (food) |
重量法 / Gravimetric |
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重金属(以 Pb 计)Heavy metals (as Pb) |
≤5 ppm |
AAS / 比色 |
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砷 Arsenic (As) |
≤2 ppm |
AAS / 比色 |
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氯化物 Chloride (Cl) |
≤10 ppm |
比色法 / Colorimetry |
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硫酸盐 Sulfate (SO4) |
≤20 ppm |
比色法 / Colorimetry |
注:上表为丙三醇(甘油)典型质量指标,参考 GB/T 13206-2011《工业甘油》、食品级甘油通用规格(FEMA 422/GRAS、FCC 等)及化妆品原料规范,并参照 ChemicalBook 公开数据与多家真实生产商 TDS。不同级别(工业/化妆品/食品)对纯度、色泽、水分等要求不同。实际出厂指标以重庆广益化工每批次《分析检验单(COA)》为准。 Note: typical specs referencing GB/T 13206-2011 (industrial glycerol), food-grade glycerol specs (FEMA 422/GRAS, FCC) and cosmetic-ingredient specs, plus ChemicalBook public data & real manufacturer TDS. Industrial/cosmetic/food grades differ. Actual per batch COA.
Food: humectant, sweetener, solvent, texture modifier; FEMA 422 (GRAS) / INS 422 for bakery, confectionery, beverages, water retention
Pharma: solvent, excipient, emollient, suppository/soft-gelatin base, osmotic laxative
Cosmetics & personal care: humectant for skin/hair/oral care; water-binding & moisture retention
Industrial: antifreeze, heat-transfer fluid, plasticizer (gelatin/cellulose), alkyd & PU raw material, nitroglycerin precursor
Chemical intermediate: epichlorohydrin, surfactants, glycerides, 1,3-propanediol
Store sealed, cool, dry, ventilated; away from ignition & strong oxidants
Store at RT or 2–8 °C; viscous, higher viscosity when cold but remains liquid (mp ~18°C)
Strongly hygroscopic—seal tightly to prevent moisture uptake
Avoid strong oxidants (chromic anhydride, K chlorate, K permanganate)—explosive hazard
Original sealed pack; typical 24 months (per label/COA)
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GHS 分类 GHS Classification |
多数法规下非危险品(not classified as hazardous in most regimes);可燃液体(储存类别 10);高浓度雾/粉尘对眼与呼吸道有轻度刺激,个别分类列为 GHS07(H319 眼刺激)。与强氧化剂接触有爆炸危险。 Not classified hazardous in most regimes; combustible liquid (storage class 10); high-conc. mist/dust mildly irritates eyes/respiratory, some classify GHS07 (H319 eye irrit.); explosive hazard with strong oxidants. |
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危害声明 H-statements |
H319(造成严重眼刺激,个别分类);与强氧化剂混合有爆炸危险(非标准 H 短语)/ H319 (serious eye irritation, some classifications); explosive hazard when mixed with strong oxidants (non-standard H-phrase) |
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防范说明 P-statements |
P305+P351+P338(如进入眼睛:用水小心冲洗数分钟,取出隐形眼镜,继续冲洗)/ P305+P351+P338 (if in eyes: rinse cautiously, remove contacts, continue rinsing) |
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NFPA 704 |
NFPA 704:健康 H0 / 易燃 F1 / 不稳定 R0(典型评级);可燃液体(储存类别 10,闪点 ~160°C 开杯)/ NFPA 704 H0/F1/R0 (typical); combustible liquid (storage class 10, flash ~160°C OC) |
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急性毒性 Acute Toxicity |
低毒:大鼠口服 LD50 26000 mg/kg,小鼠口服 4090 mg/kg(ChemicalBook);GRAS 物质(FEMA 422);属低毒、低刺激、低蓄积。 Low toxicity: rat oral LD50 26000 mg/kg, mouse oral 4090 mg/kg (ChemicalBook); GRAS (FEMA 422); low toxicity, low irritation, low accumulation. |
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危险反应 Hazardous Reaction |
与强氧化剂(铬酐、氯酸钾、高锰酸钾)接触有爆炸危险;可燃液体,遇高热分解产生刺激性烟雾;强吸湿,能使某些物质潮解。 Explosive hazard with strong oxidants (chromic anhydride, K chlorate, K permanganate); combustible, decomposes at high T emitting irritant fumes; strongly hygroscopic. |
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灭火 Fire-fighting |
适用灭火介质:泡沫、二氧化碳、干粉、水雾;消防人员佩戴防护装备;甘油低水危害(WGK 1),但仍须防止大量流入水体造成污染。 Suitable media: foam, CO2, dry powder, water spray; firefighters wear PPE; glycerol low water hazard (WGK 1) but prevent large runoff into water. |
工业级:250 kg 镀锌铁桶或塑料桶、IBC 吨桶;食品/化妆品级建议洁净食品级包装(HDPE 桶/IBC,内衬食品膜)。 Industrial: 250 kg galvanized steel or plastic drum, IBC tote; food/cosmetic clean food-grade pack (HDPE drum/IBC, food-liner).
原包装、密封、阴凉干燥(常温或 2–8°C)保存,强吸湿须防潮;典型 24 个月(以厂家 COA/标签为准)/ Original sealed pack, cool & dry (RT or 2–8°C), protect from moisture; typical 24 months (per COA/label)
Regulatory: food per FEMA 422 (GRAS), JECFA 909, INS 422, GB 2760 etc.; cosmetic per cosmetic-ingredient specs
Confirm per destination food/cosmetic regs (US FDA GRAS, EU, GB 2760 etc.)
REACH registered (Active), EC 200-289-5; TSCA listed; WGK 1 (low water hazard)
Explosive hazard when in contact with strong oxidants (chromic anhydride / K chlorate / K permanganate)—segregate in storage & transport
免责声明 / Disclaimer:本技术数据表仅供参考,不构成任何担保。数据基于编制时可得的公开权威信息,重庆广益化工有限公司不对因使用本表所产生的任何后果承担责任。实际技术参数请以每批次出厂 COA 为准。 This TDS is for reference only and does not constitute a warranty. Values per batch COA prevail.
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