聚丙烯酰胺 Polyacrylamide (PAM)

产品名称 Product Name

聚丙烯酰胺 / Polyacrylamide (PAM)

别名 Synonyms

聚丙烯酰胺、PAM、2-丙烯酰胺均聚物、丙烯酰胺树脂、絮凝剂 PAM / Polyacrylamide, PAM, Poly(2-propenamide), Acrylamide polymer, Acrylamide homopolymer, Polyacrylic amide

级别/型号 Grade

工业级 / 阴离子(APAM) / 阳离子(CPAM) / 非离子(NPAM) / Industrial / Anionic / Cationic / Non-ionic grade

商标 Trademark

N/A（按离子型与分子量分级）/ N/A (graded by ionic type & MW)

形态 Form

白色至微黄色粉末或颗粒（固体）；亦可溶液/乳液形态 / White to pale-yellow powder or granules (solid); also solution/emulsion forms

CAS 登记号 CAS No.

9003-05-8

EC / EINECS 号

203-750-9（EINECS；各数据库亦列 618-350-3 / 231-545-4 等，PAM 为聚合物，法规编号因库而异）/ 203-750-9 (EINECS; some DBs list 618-350-3 / 231-545-4 — polymer, varies by DB)

香料/添加剂号 Flavor No.

非食品添加剂，无 E 编号；饮用水/食品接触用途须严格控残余丙烯酰胺单体 / Not a food additive, no E-number; potable/food-contact use requires strict residual acrylamide control

海关编码 HS Code

3906.90（8位 39069010；中国海关 39069010.00「其他丙烯酸酯或其他酯的聚合物（聚丙烯酰胺）」）/ 3906.90 (8-digit 39069010; China customs 39069010.00 'other polyacrylates/polymers — polyacrylamide')

PubChem CID

不适用（聚合物，PubChem 无单一 CID；单体丙烯酰胺 CID 6583）/ N/A (polymer; PubChem has no single CID; monomer acrylamide CID 6583)

InChIKey

HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N（聚合物标识符，来源 ChemicalBook）/ HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (polymer identifier, ChemicalBook)

主要用途 Primary Use

水处理（絮凝剂/助凝剂：市政与工业废水、饮用水、污泥脱水）；采矿（尾矿澄清与矿物回收）；造纸（助留助滤、干/湿增强）；石油（三次采油 EOR）；农业（保水、抗侵蚀）；纺织印染；建筑；化妆品（增稠/成膜，须控残余单体） Water treatment (flocculant/coagulant aid: municipal/industrial WW, potable water, sludge dewatering); mining (tailings clarification, mineral recovery); paper (retention/drainage, dry/wet strength); oil (EOR); agriculture (water retention, erosion control); textile; construction; cosmetics (thickener/film-former, requires residual monomer control)

主要成分 Main Component

聚丙烯酰胺（Polyacrylamide，简称 PAM）是丙烯酰胺（2-丙烯酰胺）的线型高分子均聚物，化学式 (C3H5NO)n，重复单元 C3H5NO（单体 MW 71.08），无单一固定分子量——商品依用途与离子型不同，分子量范围约 400 万–2000 万 g/mol。具絮凝、增稠、剪切、降阻、分散等性能，依衍生物离子性（阴离子/阳离子/非离子/两性）各有侧重。易溶于水（形成黏稠溶液），几乎不溶于一般有机溶剂；热稳定性有限，>120 °C 易分解，约 200–300 °C 分解。主要用作水处理絮凝剂与助凝剂，并广泛用于采矿、造纸、石油三次采油、农业、纺织、建筑及化妆品。其残余丙烯酰胺单体（CAS 79-06-1）具神经毒与潜在致癌性，须依用途严格控量。 Polyacrylamide (PAM) is the linear homopolymer of acrylamide (2-propenamide), formula (C3H5NO)n, repeating unit C3H5NO (monomer MW 71.08), with no single fixed MW — commercial grades range ~4–20 million g/mol by use & ionic type. Possesses flocculation, thickening, shear, drag-reduction and dispersing properties, varying by ionic derivative (anionic/cationic/non-ionic/amphoteric). Soluble in water (viscous solution), nearly insoluble in common organic solvents; limited thermal stability, decomposes ~200–300 °C. Mainly a water-treatment flocculant/coagulant aid; also mining, paper, EOR, agriculture, textile, construction, cosmetics. Residual acrylamide monomer (CAS 79-06-1) is neurotoxic & potentially carcinogenic and must be tightly controlled by use.

杂质/副成分 Impurities

关键杂质为残余丙烯酰胺单体（CAS 79-06-1，神经毒/潜在致癌）；另含未聚合低聚物、不溶物、水分、灰分、残留引发剂与金属离子（Fe/Cu/Al 等，可催化降解）、重金属、微生物（化妆品/食品接触级）。 Key impurity is residual acrylamide monomer (CAS 79-06-1, neurotoxic/potentially carcinogenic); also unreacted oligomers, insolubles, moisture, ash, residual initiator & metal ions (Fe/Cu/Al, may catalyze degradation), heavy metals, microbes (cosmetic/food-contact grades).

分子式/分子量 Formula / MW

(C3H5NO)n（重复单元 C3H5NO，单体 MW 71.08；无固定分子量） / 聚合物分子量不固定，商品范围约 400 万 – 2000 万 g/mol（依用途与离子型）/ Polymer MW not fixed; commercial 4–20 million g/mol by grade

外观 Appearance

白色至微黄色粉末或颗粒（固体）；水溶液为无色至乳白黏稠液 / White to pale-yellow powder or granules (solid); aq. solution clear to milky viscous liquid

颜色 Color

白色至微黄色 / White to pale yellow

气味 Odor

无臭 / Odorless

离子型 Ionic Type

依类型：非离子（中性）/ 阴离子（含 –COO⁻）/ 阳离子（含季铵盐）/ By type: Non-ionic (neutral) / Anionic (–COO⁻) / Cationic (quaternary ammonium)

熔点 Melting Point

无明确熔点，约 200–300 °C 分解（dec.）；玻璃化转变温度 Tg ~153–165 °C / No clear mp; decomposes ~200–300 °C (dec.); Tg ~153–165 °C

沸点 Boiling Point

分解，无明显沸点（热分解）/ Decomposes, no distinct bp (thermal decomposition)

溶解性 Solubility

溶于水（形成黏稠溶液，溶解速率依分子量/离子型）；几乎不溶于苯、乙醚、脂类等一般有机溶剂 / Soluble in water (viscous solution; dissolution rate depends on MW/ionic type); nearly insoluble in benzene, ether, esters & general organic solvents

密度 Density

约 1.30 g/cm³（固体，来源略异：1.19–1.44）/ ~1.30 g/cm³ (solid; sources vary 1.19–1.44)

折射率 Refractive Index

n20/D 1.452 / n20/D 1.452

闪点 Flash Point

>110 °C（>230 °F，lit.）；固体，可燃性低 / >110 °C (>230 °F, lit.); solid, low flammability

粘度 Viscosity

依分子量（溶液黏度随分子量增大而剧增）；商品以分子量或特性黏数表征，而非固定黏度 / Depends on MW (solution viscosity rises sharply with MW); graded by MW/intrinsic viscosity, not a fixed value

项目 Item

典型值 Typical

测试方法/来源 Method / Source

固含量 Solid content（固体）

Ⅰ类（饮用水）≥90.0%；Ⅱ类（工业/废水）≥88.0% / Class I (potable) ≥90.0%; Class II (industrial/WW) ≥88.0%

重量法 / Gravimetric (GB 17514-2008)

丙烯酰胺单体含量 Residual acrylamide (dry basis)

Ⅰ类 ≤0.025%；Ⅱ类 ≤0.05%（欧盟 REACH ≤0.1%、饮用水 ≤0.025%）/ Class I ≤0.025%; Class II ≤0.05% (EU REACH ≤0.1%, potable ≤0.025%)

溴化法 / 液相色谱 LC (GB/T 17514)

分子量（标称值偏差）Molecular weight (vs nominal)

与标称值相对偏差 ≤10%；商品范围 400 万–2000 万 g/mol / Relative deviation ≤10%; commercial 4–20M g/mol

黏度法 / 凝胶渗透色谱 Viscosity / GPC

水解度 Degree of hydrolysis

标称值偏差 ≤2%；非离子型 ≤5%（阴离子/阳离子依牌号 5–35%）/ Deviation ≤2%; Non-ionic ≤5% (anionic/cationic per grade 5–35%)

滴定法 / Titration (GB 17514-2008)

溶解时间 Dissolution time（阴离子）

Ⅰ类 ≤60 min；Ⅱ类 ≤90 min（非离子 ≤90/120 min）/ Class I ≤60; Class II ≤90 (non-ionic ≤90/120)

配制 0.1% 溶液计时 / Timed 0.1% soln (GB 17514-2008)

不溶物 Insoluble matter（阴离子）

Ⅰ类 ≤0.3%；Ⅱ类 ≤2.0%（非离子 ≤0.3/2.5%）/ Class I ≤0.3%; Class II ≤2.0% (non-ionic ≤0.3/2.5%)

过滤重量法 / Filtration gravimetric

筛余物（1.00 mm）Sieve residue (1.00 mm)

Ⅰ类 ≤5%；Ⅱ类 ≤10% / Class I ≤5%; Class II ≤10%

筛分 / Sieving (GB 17514-2008)

pH 值（1‰ 水溶液）pH (1‰ aq.)

依离子型 5.0–9.0（非离子约中性 ~7）/ Varies by ionic type 5.0–9.0 (non-ionic ~neutral ~7)

pH 计 / pH meter

水分 Moisture

≤0.5–2.0%（依牌号；化妆品级 ≤5%）/ ≤0.5–2.0% (by grade; cosmetic ≤5%)

卡尔费休 / 干燥失重 KF / loss on drying

GHS 分类 GHS Classification

GHS07（Warning）：H302（吞咽有害）、H315（皮肤刺激）、H317（可能引起皮肤过敏反应）、H319（严重眼刺激）；个别法规列 R45/R21/22/R36-37-38/R42-43。核心风险为残余丙烯酰胺单体（神经毒/潜在致癌），非聚合物本体急性毒性。 GHS07 (Warning): H302 (harmful if swallowed), H315 (skin irrit.), H317 (may cause allergic skin reaction), H319 (serious eye irrit.); some regimes R45/R21/22/R36-37-38/R42-43. Core risk is residual acrylamide monomer (neurotoxic/potentially carcinogenic), not the polymer's acute toxicity.

危害声明 H-statements

H302（吞咽有害）；H315（造成皮肤刺激）；H317（可能引起皮肤过敏反应）；H319（造成严重眼刺激）。残留丙烯酰胺单体：EU CLP 1B 类致癌与生殖毒性；IARC 2A（可能对人类致癌） H302 (harmful if swallowed); H315 (skin irritation); H317 (may cause allergic skin reaction); H319 (serious eye irritation). Residual acrylamide monomer: EU CLP Category 1B carcinogen & reproductive toxicant; IARC Group 2A (probable human carcinogen)

防范说明 P-statements

P261（避免吸入粉尘）/ P264 / P270（使用时不进食饮水）/ P272 / P280（戴防护手套/护目/防尘口罩）/ P301+P312 / P305+P351+P338 / P333+P313（皮肤刺激或皮疹：就医） P261 (avoid breathing dust); P264; P270 (do not eat/drink when using); P272; P280 (wear protective gloves/eye/dust mask); P301+P312; P305+P351+P338; P333+P313 (if skin irritation/rash: get medical advice)

NFPA 704

NFPA 704：健康 H1 / 易燃 F1 / 不稳定 R0（典型，固体粉末）；可燃固体（储存类别 11）；尘云可燃，须防静电与粉尘爆炸 NFPA 704 H1/F1/R0 (typical, solid powder); combustible solid (storage class 11); dust clouds combustible—control static & dust explosion

急性毒性 Acute Toxicity

聚合物本体急性毒性低：兔口服 LD50 11250 mg/kg（ChemicalBook）；对水生生物低毒、不生物富集。真正危害为残余丙烯酰胺单体（CAS 79-06-1）：神经毒、IARC 2A、EU CLP 1B 致癌与生殖毒性 Polymer acute toxicity low: rabbit oral LD50 11250 mg/kg (ChemicalBook); low aquatic toxicity, non-bioaccumulative. True hazard is residual acrylamide monomer (CAS 79-06-1): neurotoxic, IARC 2A, EU CLP 1B carcinogen & reproductive toxicant

危险反应 Hazardous Reaction

与强氧化剂不相容（避免接触）；>120 °C 易分解；粉尘与空气可形成爆炸性混合物（须防静电、防爆）；残余丙烯酰胺单体具神经毒与潜在致癌性 Incompatible with strong oxidants (avoid contact); decomposes >120 °C; dust forms explosive mixture with air (control static, explosion-proof); residual acrylamide monomer is neurotoxic & potentially carcinogenic

灭火 Fire-fighting

适用灭火介质：水雾、泡沫、二氧化碳、干粉；固体粉末，粉尘爆炸风险——消防须防静电与粉尘；聚合体燃烧产生含氮刺激性烟气（NOx 等），消防员佩戴自给式呼吸器 Suitable media: water spray, foam, CO2, dry powder; solid dust explosion risk—static-proof; burning polymer emits N-containing irritant fumes (NOx); firefighters wear SCBA