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正丁醇(n-Butanol,分子式 C4H10O,CH3(CH2)3OH,亦称 1-丁醇 / 丁醇 / n-丁基醇)是由四个碳原子组成的直链饱和一元伯醇,常温下为无色透明、具特殊醇香(酒味/香蕉味)、易燃的液体,微溶于水(约 7.7 g/100 mL,20 °C),能与乙醇、乙醚、丙酮、烃类及大多数有机溶剂以任意比例混溶。因其挥发速率适中、溶解力强、流平性好,是涂料、油墨、胶粘剂工业中重要的中沸点溶剂与成膜助剂,也是有机合成的基础原料。 |
n-Butanol (C4H10O, CH3(CH2)3OH, also 1-butanol / butyl alcohol / n-butyl alcohol) is a straight-chain saturated primary alcohol of four carbons; a colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic fusel (wine/banana) odour at room temperature, slightly soluble in water (~7.7 g/100 mL at 20 C) and miscible with ethanol, ether, acetone, hydrocarbons and most organic solvents. With moderate volatility, strong solvency and good levelling it is an important medium-boiling solvent / coalescing agent in coatings, inks and adhesives, and a basic organic-synthesis feedstock. |
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其主要用途极广:用作制造邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)等增塑剂、脂肪族二元酸酯及磷酸酯类增塑剂的原料(广泛用于 PVC、塑料与橡胶制品);制造乙酸丁酯、丙烯酸丁酯、马来酸二丁酯等酯类的原料;涂料(硝基漆、醇酸漆、氨基漆)、油墨、胶粘剂的溶剂与稀释剂;油脂、药物(抗生素、激素、维生素)与香料的萃取剂,醇酸树脂涂料的添加剂,有机染料与印刷油墨的溶剂,脱蜡剂;亦为 GB 2760 / FEMA 2178 允许使用的食用香料(香蕉、奶油、威士忌、干酪等香精)。 |
Principal uses are broad: feedstock for plasticizers such as dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and aliphatic-diacid / phosphate esters (widely used in PVC, plastics and rubber); raw material for esters such as n-butyl acetate, butyl acrylate, dibutyl maleate; solvent/diluent in coatings (nitrocellulose, alkyd, amino), inks and adhesives; extraction solvent for oils, drugs (antibiotics, hormones, vitamins) and flavours, additive in alkyd-resin coatings, solvent in organic dyes/printing inks, dewaxing agent; also a GB 2760 / FEMA 2178 permitted food flavouring (banana, cream, whisky, cheese essences). |
产品标识 / Product Identification
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CAS 登记号 CAS No. |
71-36-3 |
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分子式 Molecular formula |
C4H10O(CH3(CH2)3OH) |
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分子量 Molecular weight |
74.12 g/mol |
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EC 号 EC / EINECS |
200-751-6 |
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PubChem CID |
263(经 PubChem 按 butan-1-ol CAS 71-36-3 核验 / verified via PubChem by CAS 71-36-3) |
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RTECS 号 |
EO1400000 |
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MDL 号 |
MFCD00002964 |
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HS 编码 HS Code |
2905130000(中国 8 位 29051300;10 位 2905130000 China 8-digit 29051300; 10-digit 2905130000) |
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UN 编号 / 危险类别 UN / Class |
UN 1120(BUTANOLS,丁醇类),第 3 类易燃液体,包装类别 III(PG III)/ UN 1120 (BUTANOLS), Class 3 flammable liquid, Packing Group III |
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中国危险货物编号 China DG No. |
33552,第 3.3 类 高闪点易燃液体 33552, Class 3.3 high-flash flammable liquid |
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中国危险化学品目录序号 |
2761(危险化学品目录(2015版) Catalog of Hazardous Chemicals (2015 ed.) No. 2761) |
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别名 Synonyms |
正丁醇;丁醇;1-丁醇;n-丁醇;n-丁基醇;n-Butanol;1-Butanol;Butyl alcohol;n-Butyl alcohol;Propylcarbinol;1-Hydroxybutane |
注:工业级参考 GB/T 6027-1998《工业用正丁醇》(优等品/一等品/合格品典型指标,多家 COA/SDS 一致);试剂级(分析纯 AR / 化学纯 CP)参考 GB/T 12590-2008《化学试剂 正丁醇》(AR ≥99.5%、CP ≥98.0%)。具体以 COA 为准。
Note: industrial grade per GB/T 6027-1998 (Butanol for Industrial Use, premium/first/qualified grade typical values, consistent across multiple COA/SDS); reagent grade (AR/CP) per GB/T 12590-2008 (Reagent Butanol, AR >=99.5%, CP >=98.0%). Per-COA applies.
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项目 Item |
指标 Specification |
测试方法 Test Method |
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正丁醇含量 Assay (GC) |
>= 99.5 %(优等品);>= 99.0 %(一等品);>= 98.0 %(合格品);>= 99.5 %(试剂 AR)/ >=99.5% (premium); >=99.0% (first); >=98.0% (qualified); >=99.5% (reagent AR) |
GC / GB/T 6027 |
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外观 Appearance |
无色透明液体,无可见杂质 / Colorless clear liquid, free of visible impurities |
Visual |
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色度 Color (APHA/Hazen) |
≤ 10(优等品);≤ 15(一等品) |
GB/T 3143 / ASTM D1209 |
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密度 Density (20 °C) |
0.809 – 0.811 g/cm3(优等品/一等品);0.808–0.812(合格品) |
GB/T 4472 / ASTM D4052 |
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沸程 Boiling range (incl. 117.7 °C) |
≤ 1.0 °C(优等品);≤ 2.0 °C(一等品);≤ 3.0 °C(合格品) |
GB/T 7534 / ASTM D1078 |
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水分 Water (KF) |
≤ 0.10 %(优等品/一等品);≤ 0.20 %(合格品);≤ 0.20 %(试剂 AR) |
GB/T 6283 / ASTM E1064 |
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酸度 Acidity (as acetic acid) |
≤ 0.003 %(优等品);≤ 0.005 %(一等品);≤ 0.010 %(合格品);≤ 0.005 %(试剂 AR) |
Titration / GB/T |
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蒸发残渣 Evap. residue |
≤ 0.003 %(优等品);≤ 0.005 %(一等品);≤ 0.010 %(合格品) |
GB/T 6324.2 |
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硫酸显色试验 Sulfated ash test |
≤ 20(优等品);≤ 40(一等品)(铂钴色号) |
GB/T (Pt-Co) |
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异丁醇 Isobutanol (杂质) |
≤ 0.15 %(优等品,参考) |
GC / GB/T 6027 |
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分子式 Molecular formula |
C4H10O(CH3(CH2)3OH) |
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分子量 Molecular weight |
74.12 g/mol(精确质量 74.12) |
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外观 Appearance |
无色透明液体,具特殊醇香(酒味/香蕉味),易燃 Colorless, transparent liquid, characteristic fusel (wine/banana) odour, flammable |
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熔点 / 凝固点 Melting point |
约 −89.8 °C(文献 −89 ~ −90 °C;ICSC 记 −90 °C)/ ~−89.8 C; lit. −89 to −90 C |
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沸点 Boiling point |
约 117.7 °C(常压;文献 117.5 – 117.7 °C;ICSC 记 117 °C)/ ~117.7 C at 760 mmHg; lit. 117.5-117.7 C |
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密度 Density |
0.81 g/cm3(20 °C;文献 0.809–0.811;hns-ms 0.8116 @ 20 °C) |
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相对蒸气密度 Vapor density (air=1) |
约 2.55(比空气重 heavier than air) |
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蒸气压 Vapor pressure |
约 0.6 kPa(≈4–5 mmHg)@ 20 °C(ICSC 0.67 kPa;Sigma 4–5.5 mmHg);约 0.82 kPa @ 25 °C |
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闪点 Flash point |
约 29 °C(闭杯;ICSC/EU);多数制造商与中文 MSDS 记 35 °C(Pensky-Martens 闭杯)——两者均 > 23 °C,属 第3.3类高闪点易燃液体 Flam. Liq. 3 H226,非高度易燃 2 类 / ~29 C c.c. (ICSC/EU); many manufacturer & Chinese MSDS list 35 C (Pensky-Martens c.c.) - both > 23 C, Class 3.3 high-flash, Flam. Liq. 3 H226, NOT Cat. 2 (highly flammable) |
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自燃温度 Auto-ignition temp. |
约 343–345 °C(Sigma 649 °F = 343 °C;ICSC 345 °C;中文 MSDS 记 340 °C,文献略有差异 ~343-345 C; Sigma 649 F=343 C, ICSC 345 C, some Chinese MSDS 340 C - minor discrepancy) |
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爆炸极限 Explosive limits (air) |
约 1.4 %–11.2 %(体积;下限 1.4 %,上限 11.2 %)/ ~1.4%-11.2% v/v (LEL 1.4%, UEL 11.2%) |
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折射率 Refractive index (n20/D) |
1.399(文献 1.398 – 1.400) |
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分配系数 log P (辛醇/水) |
约 0.8(ICSC 记 0.9;文献 0.7788)/ ~0.8 (ICSC 0.9; lit. 0.7788) |
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粘度 Viscosity |
约 2.9 mPa·s(20 °C;ICSC 记运动粘度 2.11 mm2/s @ 40 °C)/ ~2.9 mPa·s (20 C; ICSC kinematic 2.11 mm2/s @ 40 C) |
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溶解度 Solubility |
微溶于水(7.7 g/100 mL,20 °C ≈ 73–77 g/L);与乙醇、乙醚及多数有机溶剂任意比例混溶 Slightly soluble in water (7.7 g/100 mL, 20 C ~73-77 g/L); miscible with ethanol, ether and most organic solvents |
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pH(水溶液) |
约 7(70 g/L 水溶液,Sigma) |
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对水危害等级 WGK |
1(德国;Sigma/Merck/ChemicalBook/ChemBlink/chembk 等所有来源一致为 WGK 1,无冲突 1 (Germany); all sources agree WGK 1 - no conflict) |
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NFPA 704 |
健康 1 易燃 3 / 反应 0(H 1 / F 3 / R 0) |
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增塑剂与酯类合成:制造邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)等增塑剂、脂肪族二元酸酯及磷酸酯类增塑剂的原料;制造乙酸丁酯、丙烯酸丁酯、马来酸二丁酯等酯类,广泛用于 PVC、塑料、橡胶、涂料与胶粘剂。 |
Plasticizers & ester synthesis: feedstock for dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and other plasticizers, aliphatic-diacid / phosphate esters; for esters such as n-butyl acetate, butyl acrylate, dibutyl maleate, used in PVC, plastics, rubber, coatings and adhesives. |
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涂料、油墨与胶粘剂:硝基漆、醇酸漆、氨基漆等的中沸点溶剂与成膜助剂;凹版/柔版油墨溶剂(调节挥发速率与流平性);胶粘剂溶剂。 |
Coatings, inks & adhesives: medium-boiling solvent / coalescing agent for nitrocellulose, alkyd, amino lacquers; solvent in gravure/flexo inks (adjusting evaporation rate and levelling); adhesive solvent. |
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医药、萃取与香料:油脂、药物(抗生素、激素、维生素)与香料的萃取剂;醇酸树脂涂料添加剂;有机染料与印刷油墨溶剂、脱蜡剂;亦为 GB 2760 / FEMA 2178 允许食用香料(香蕉、奶油、威士忌、干酪等香精)。 |
Pharma, extraction & flavour: extraction solvent for oils, drugs (antibiotics, hormones, vitamins) and flavours; alkyd-resin additive; solvent in organic dyes/printing inks, dewaxing agent; also a GB 2760 / FEMA 2178 permitted food flavouring (banana, cream, whisky, cheese essences). |
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阴凉、通风、干燥、防爆库房;远离火种、热源与引火源,库温不宜超过 30 °C,密封保存。按第 3 类易燃液体(第 3.3 类高闪点)管理,使用防爆型照明与通风,禁用易产生火花的设备与工具,容器与管线须可靠接地/跨接防静电。正丁醇蒸气比空气重,易在低处积聚并远距离扩散,须特别注意地沟、地下室等低位空间的通风与防爆。 |
Store in a cool, well-ventilated, dry, explosion-proof area; away from ignition, heat; warehouse temp. preferably <= 30 C, keep sealed. Managed as Class 3 flammable liquid (Class 3.3 high-flash); explosion-proof lighting/ventilation, no sparking equipment/tools, bond/ground containers and piping. Vapour is heavier than air and can accumulate low and travel far - pay special attention to ventilation/explosion protection in low spaces (drains, basements). |
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操作人员须佩戴防护眼镜、防毒(有机蒸气)口罩、耐溶剂手套(丁腈等)与防护服,在通风良好处作业,避免皮肤/眼睛接触与吸入蒸气。正丁醇对眼睛有严重损伤性(H318)、对皮肤刺激(H315)、低毒(H302),高浓度蒸气有中枢神经麻醉作用并具吸入危害(Asp. Tox.)。皮肤接触用肥皂和大量清水冲洗;眼睛接触用清水冲洗至少 15 分钟并就医;吸入移至空气新鲜处,必要时就医;若吞入切勿催吐,立即就医。工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水,工后更衣。 |
Operators wear goggles, organic-vapour respirator, solvent-resistant gloves (nitrile) and protective clothing; work in well-ventilated areas; avoid skin/eye contact and vapour inhalation. n-Butanol causes serious eye damage (H318), skin irritation (H315), low-toxicity (H302), high vapour narcotic to CNS and carries aspiration hazard (Asp. Tox.). Wash skin with soap and plenty of water; flush eyes >=15 min and seek care; move to fresh air if inhaled; do NOT induce vomiting if swallowed - seek immediate medical care. No smoking/eating/drinking on site; change clothes after work. |
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禁忌:与强氧化剂(硝酸、高锰酸钾、过氧化物、浓硝酸等)、强酸、酰基氯、酸酐、强碱分开存放,切忌混储;与强氧化剂接触可发生剧烈反应甚至燃烧爆炸;与铝在加热至约 100 °C 时反应放出易燃/爆炸性氢气(ICSC)。对多数金属无明显腐蚀性,可用碳钢/铝制容器(但须防静电、接地)。 |
Incompatibilities: segregate from strong oxidizers (nitric acid, permanganate, peroxides, conc. nitric), strong acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, strong bases; violent reaction/fire/explosion on contact with strong oxidizers; reacts with aluminium at ~100 C releasing flammable/explosive hydrogen (ICSC). Not markedly corrosive to most metals; carbon-steel/aluminium containers acceptable (but static-protected/grounded). |
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桶装:常见 160 kg/桶 或 200 L 铁桶/镀锌桶(约 165 kg/桶)等规格;亦可用清洁干燥钢桶。 |
Drum: commonly 160 kg/drum or 200 L iron/galvanized drum (~165 kg/drum); clean dry steel drum also used. |
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IBC 吨桶 / 槽罐车 / 散装:可按客户需求提供(须为耐溶剂材质,且须防静电、接地)。 |
IBC tote / tank truck / bulk: available on request (solvent-resistant material, with static protection/grounding). |
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注意:属第 3 类易燃液体(UN 1120,PG III,高闪点),须使用符合 UN 包装要求的容器并张贴第 3 类易燃标识;具体按目的国法规与承运人要求(个别 SDS 列 PG II,可遵承运人要求)。 |
Note: Class 3 flammable liquid (UN 1120, PG III, high-flash) - use UN-compliant packaging and affix Class 3 labels; per destination regulation and carrier (some SDS list PG II - follow carrier). |
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在原包装、密闭、阴凉通风(≤ 30 °C,避光、远离热源与火种)条件下,建议保质期 12 个月(工业级)。正丁醇为伯醇,长期与空气接触可缓慢氧化生成丁醛、丁酸,故须密封、阴凉、避光保存,远离氧化剂与强酸碱;开封后宜尽快使用。与醚类(如四氢呋喃)不同,正丁醇不易生成过氧化物,但仍须规范储存。 |
Recommended shelf life 12 months under original sealed packaging, cool and dry (<= 30 C, away from light, heat, ignition) for industrial grade. n-Butanol is a primary alcohol and can slowly oxidize toward butyraldehyde/butyric acid on prolonged air contact - keep sealed, cool, dark, away from oxidizers and strong acids/bases; use promptly after opening. Unlike ethers (e.g. THF), n-butanol does NOT readily form peroxides, but still store properly. |
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GHS 危险性分类(Sigma-Aldrich / Merck、Merck、ChemicalBook、ICSC No. 0111、ECHA C&L 库存、中国《危险化学品目录(2015版)》分类信息表 主流共识):易燃液体 3 类 H226(易燃液体和蒸气);急性毒性 4 类 H302(吞咽有害);皮肤刺激 2 类 H315(造成皮肤刺激);严重眼损伤/眼刺激 1 类 H318(造成严重眼损伤;部分中文 SDS 列 H319);呼吸道刺激 H335(可引起呼吸道刺激);特异性靶器官毒性-一次接触 3 类 H336(可引起昏睡或眩晕,中枢神经/麻醉效应)。象形图:GHS02(火焰)+ GHS05(腐蚀/严重眼损伤)+ GHS07(感叹号);信号词 危险/Danger。部分 SDS 补充 H412(对水生环境长期有害)与吸入危害(Asp. Tox.)。注意:本品不属于高度易燃(2 类)、不属于皮肤腐蚀(1 类)、亦不含 GHS08 致癌/生殖危害类代码。 |
GHS classification (Sigma-Aldrich/Merck, Merck, ChemicalBook, ICSC No. 0111, ECHA C&L Inventory, China Catalog 2015 classification-info mainstream consensus): Flam. Liq. 3 H226 (flammable liquid and vapour); Acute Tox. 4 H302 (harmful if swallowed); Skin Irrit. 2 H315 (causes skin irritation); Eye Dam. 1 H318 (causes serious eye damage; some Chinese SDS H319); H335 (respiratory irritation); STOT SE 3 H336 (drowsiness/dizziness, CNS effect). Pictograms: GHS02 (flame) + GHS05 (corrosive/serious eye damage) + GHS07 (exclamation); Signal word Danger. Some SDS add H412 (long-term aquatic hazard) and aspiration hazard (Asp. Tox.). Note: NOT highly-flammable (Cat 2), NOT skin-corrosive (Cat 1), no GHS08 carcinogen/reproductive codes. |
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⚠ 易燃(最重要):闪点约 29 °C(闭杯,ICSC/EU)或 35 °C(Pensky-Martens 闭杯,多数制造商/中文 MSDS),属高闪点易燃液体(第 3.3 类;闪点 23–61 °C);蒸气与空气形成爆炸性混合物(爆炸极限约 1.4 %–11.2 %),自燃温度约 343–345 °C。远离开火、高热与强氧化剂;储存使用防爆电气,容器管线接地防静电,保持通风。灭火用抗溶泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳或砂土(水效果差,可用雾状水冷却容器),消防人员须在上风向、佩戴防毒面具。 |
⚠ Flammable (MOST IMPORTANT): flash point ~29 C (c.c., ICSC/EU) or 35 C (Pensky-Martens c.c., most manufacturer/Chinese MSDS), a high-flash flammable liquid (Class 3.3; flash point 23-61 C); vapour forms explosive mixtures with air (explosive limits ~1.4%-11.2%), autoignition ~343-345 C. Keep from ignition, high heat and strong oxidizers; explosion-proof electrical, bonded/grounded containers, ventilated. Extinguish with alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, CO2 or sand (water poor; use water spray to cool containers); firefighters upwind with respirators. |
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眼/皮肤刺激、低毒与吸入危害:H318 造成严重眼损伤、H315 皮肤刺激、H335 呼吸道刺激、H336 吸入致嗜睡头晕;急性毒性总体较低:LD50 大鼠经口约 4360 mg/kg(Smyth;文献约 4360 mg/kg),兔经皮 3400 mg/kg,大鼠吸入 LC50 24240 mg/m3(4 h);高浓度蒸气有中枢神经麻醉作用并具吸入性肺炎风险(Asp. Tox.)。操作时做好职业防护与通风。 |
Eye/skin irritation, low toxicity & aspiration: H318 serious eye damage, H315 skin irritation, H335 respiratory irritation, H336 inhalation drowsiness/dizziness; overall low acute toxicity: LD50 rat oral ~4360 mg/kg (Smyth; lit. ~4360 mg/kg), rabbit dermal 3400 mg/kg, rat inhalation LC50 24240 mg/m3 (4 h); high vapour narcotic to CNS and carries aspiration-pneumonia risk (Asp. Tox.). Use PPE and ventilation. |
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运输信息 Transport:UN 1120(BUTANOLS,丁醇类),第 3 类易燃液体,包装类别 III(PG III;ICSC 与多数 SDS,个别制造商 SDS 列 PG II),中国危险货物编号 33552(第 3.3 类 高闪点易燃液体)。须使用 UN 认证包装、张贴第 3 类易燃标识,海运/空运/公路分别符合 IMDG/IATA/ADR 要求;具体以目的国法规与承运人判定为准。 |
Transport: UN 1120 (BUTANOLS), Class 3 flammable liquid, Packing Group III (PG III; ICSC and most SDS, some manufacturer SDS list PG II), China DG No. 33552 (Class 3.3 high-flash flammable liquid). Use UN-certified packaging and Class 3 labels; comply with IMDG/IATA/ADR as applicable; per destination regulation and carrier. |
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法规 Regulatory:列入中国《危险化学品目录(2015版)》序号 2761(正丁醇),危险货物编号 33552(第 3.3 类)。经多源核实不属于易制毒(445号令三类均不受管控)、不属于易制爆(2017版名录)、不属于首批/第二批重点监管、不属于各类监控化学品;国家层面不属列管易制毒(出口无需国家级易制毒出口许可证)。美国 TSCA 已列;欧盟 REACH 已注册(Active)。出口须提供商检与合规 SDS/标签。另为 GB 2760 / FEMA 2178 允许食用香料。 |
Regulatory: listed in China's |
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NFPA 704:健康 1 / 易燃 3 / 反应 0(H 1 / F 3 / R 0)/ NFPA 704: Health 1 / Flammability 3 / Reactivity 0 (H 1 / F 3 / R 0). |
NFPA 704: Health 1 / Flammability 3 / Reactivity 0 (H 1 / F 3 / R 0). |
免责声明 / Disclaimer
本技术数据表(TDS)所载信息基于公开标准、行业惯例及供应商提供的数据编制,仅供用户参考,不构成任何明示或暗示的担保。
The information in this Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is compiled from published standards, general industry practice, and data supplied by the manufacturer/supplier. It is provided for the user's reference only and constitutes no express or implied warranty of any kind.
表中规格为工业级/试剂级典型参考值,具体指标以每批次《分析合格证(COA)》为准;用户应自行确认产品对特定用途的适用性与合规性,并遵守所在地法律法规。尤其注意本品为易燃液体(闪点约 29 °C/35 °C、第 3 类、易燃液体 3 类 H226)、对眼睛有严重损伤性(H318)、对皮肤有刺激性(H315)、低毒(H302)且高浓度蒸气有中枢神经麻醉作用与吸入危害(H335/H336,Asp. Tox.),须按第 3 类危险化学品严格管控。
The specifications listed are typical reference values for industrial/reagent grade; actual values are subject to the Certificate of Analysis (COA) of each batch. Users shall independently verify the product's suitability and regulatory compliance for the intended use and shall comply with applicable laws and regulations. Note especially that this product is a flammable liquid (flash point ~29 C/35 C, Class 3, Flam. Liq. 3 H226), causes serious eye damage (H318), skin irritation (H315), low-toxicity (H302) with high-vapour CNS narcotic effect and aspiration hazard (H335/H336, Asp. Tox.) - it must be strictly controlled as a Class 3 hazardous chemical.
在法律允许的最大范围内,重庆广益化工有限公司不对因使用本数据表或本产品而产生的任何损失、损害或后果承担责任。
To the maximum extent permitted by law, Chongqing Guangyi Chemical Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any loss, damage, or consequence arising from the use of this data sheet or this product.