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碳酸二甲酯(DMC)为无色透明、低黏度、易燃液体,具有微弱酯样气味,是低毒、环境友好的“绿色”碳酸酯类溶剂与有机合成中间体。微溶至可溶于水(文献差异见第3节),与醇、醚、酮、酯、芳烃等多数有机溶剂互溶。 |
Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is a colorless, clear, low-viscosity, flammable liquid with a mild ester-like odor. It is a low-toxicity, environment-friendly "green" carbonate solvent and organic-synthesis intermediate. Slightly-to-moderately soluble in water (variation noted in Section 3); miscible with alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters and aromatic hydrocarbons. |
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广泛应用于锂离子电池电解液溶剂、甲基化/羰基化试剂、聚碳酸酯(PC)合成、医药与农药中间体、替代甲苯/二甲苯/乙酸乙酯等的环保绿色溶剂,以及汽油含氧添加剂等领域。1992 年欧洲将其列为无毒产品,2009 年美国 EPA 将其列为非 VOC 产品。 |
Widely used as a lithium-battery electrolyte solvent, methylating/carbonylating reagent, polycarbonate (PC) feedstock, pharma/agro intermediate, green solvent replacing toluene/xylene/ethyl acetate, and gasoline oxygenate. Listed as non-toxic by Europe (1992) and as VOC-exempt by US EPA (2009). |
产品标识 / Product Identification
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CAS 登记号 CAS No. |
616-38-6 |
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分子式 Molecular formula |
C3H6O3(或 (CH3O)2CO) |
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分子量 Molecular weight |
90.08 g/mol(90.078) |
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EINECS 号 EINECS No. |
210-478-4 |
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MDL 号 MDL No. |
MFCD00008420 |
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RTECS 号 RTECS |
FG0450000 |
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Beilstein 号 Beilstein |
635821 |
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PubChem CID |
12021 |
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ChEBI |
CHEBI:36596 |
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UN 编号 UN Number |
1161(第3类 易燃液体,包装类别 II Class 3 flammable liquid, Packing Group II) |
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HS 编码 HS Code |
29209090(中国 10 位 2920909090 China 10-digit 2920909090;欧盟/英国为 29209010 系列,非中国口径) |
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别名 Synonyms |
碳酸二甲酯;碳酸甲酯;Dimethyl carbonate; Methyl carbonate; Carbonic acid dimethyl ester; DMC |
注:电池级/高纯级典型纯度为 ≥99.9%(水分 ≤50 ppm,甲醇 ≤50 ppm),具体以 COA 为准。以下为工业级典型值。
Note: battery/high-purity grade typical purity >=99.9% (water <=50 ppm, methanol <=50 ppm); per-COA applies. Industrial typicals below.
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项目 Item |
指标 Specification |
测试方法 Test Method |
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碳酸二甲酯含量 Assay (GC) |
≥ 99.0 %(电池级 ≥ 99.9 % / battery ≥ 99.9 %) |
GB/T 9722 / ASTM D3545 |
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外观 Appearance |
无色透明液体,无机械杂质 / Colorless clear liquid, free of mechanical impurities |
Visual |
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水分 Water (KF) |
≤ 0.10 %(电池级 ≤ 50 ppm / battery ≤ 50 ppm) |
GB/T 6283 / ASTM E1064 |
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密度 Density (20 °C) |
1.069 – 1.073 g/cm³(企业内控 1.071 ± 0.005) |
GB/T 4472 / ASTM D4052 |
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馏程 Distillation range (≥95% v/v) |
90 – 91 °C |
GB/T 7534 / ASTM D1078 |
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折射率 Refractive index (n20/D) |
1.367 – 1.369 |
GB/T 614 / ASTM D1218 |
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色度 Color (APHA) |
≤ 20(电池级 ≤ 5) |
GB/T 3143 / ASTM D1209 |
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酸度(以 CH3COOH 计) Acidity (as CH3COOH) |
≤ 0.01 % |
Titration / GB/T 9736 |
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甲醇含量 Methanol |
≤ 0.05 %(电池级 ≤ 50 ppm) |
GC / ASTM D4626 |
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蒸发残渣 Residue on evaporation |
≤ 0.01 % |
GB/T 6324.2 |
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分子式 Molecular formula |
C3H6O3 |
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分子量 Molecular weight |
90.08 g/mol |
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外观 Appearance |
无色透明液体,微弱酯样气味 Clear colorless liquid, mild ester-like odor |
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熔点 Melting point |
2 – 4 °C(文献 0.5 – 5 °C lit. 0.5–5 °C) |
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沸点 Boiling point |
90 – 91 °C(1013 hPa);约 90 °C 90–91 °C (1013 hPa); ca. 90 °C |
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密度 Density (20 °C) |
1.069 g/cm³(文献 1.069 – 1.073 lit. 1.069–1.073) |
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相对蒸气密度 Vapor density (air=1) |
3.1(文献一致 consistent) |
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蒸气压 Vapor pressure |
约 53 hPa(≈40 mmHg)@ 20 °C(文献区间 24 – 74 hPa source range 24–74 hPa) |
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闪点 Flash point (closed cup) |
约 16 – 18 °C(闭杯 CC;开杯约 21.7 °C;均 <23 °C → GHS 易燃液体 类别2 lit. 16–18 °C CC; open cup ≈21.7 °C; H225 Cat.2) |
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自燃温度 Auto-ignition temp. |
458 °C(文献一致consistent across sources) |
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爆炸极限 Explosive limits (air, v/v) |
约 4.2 – 12.9 %(文献 4.22 – 12.87 %;个别资料给出更宽范围 3.8 – 21.3 % lit. 4.22–12.87 %; some refs wider 3.8–21.3 %) |
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折射率 Refractive index (n20/D) |
1.368 – 1.369 |
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分配系数 log Pow (n-辛醇/水) |
约 0.23 – 0.35(20 – 25 °C at 20–25 °C) |
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黏度 Viscosity (20 °C) |
约 0.63 – 0.66 mPa·s |
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溶解度 Solubility |
微溶至可溶(文献差异较大:Sigma/ChemicalBook 记约 139 g/L,部分中文资料记为不溶 slightly-to-moderately soluble; sources vary: Sigma/ChemicalBook ca. 139 g/L, some Chinese refs list insoluble);与醇、醚、酮、酯、芳烃等多数有机溶剂互溶 / miscible with alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters, aromatic hydrocarbons |
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锂电池电解液:作为电解液溶剂组分,低毒、介电常数适中、电化学窗口较宽,可提升低温性能。 |
Lithium-battery electrolyte: solvent component; low toxicity, moderate dielectric constant, relatively wide electrochemical window; improves low-temperature performance. |
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有机合成:甲基化/羰基化试剂,用于合成聚碳酸酯(PC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)等;替代剧毒的光气、硫酸二甲酯。 |
Organic synthesis: methylating/carbonylating reagent for polycarbonate (PC), DEC, EMC; safer substitute for phosgene and dimethyl sulfate. |
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医药与农药:合成抗感染药、解热镇痛药、维生素类药物及其中间体;氨基甲酸酯类农药(如甲氨基甲酸甲酯)中间体。 |
Pharma & agro: intermediates for anti-infectives, analgesics, vitamins; carbamate pesticide (e.g., methomyl) intermediates. |
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工业溶剂与添加剂:替代甲苯/二甲苯/乙酸乙酯/丙酮的绿色环保溶剂(涂料、胶黏剂);汽油含氧添加剂;电子/显影等用途。 |
Industrial solvent & additive: green solvent replacing toluene/xylene/ethyl acetate/acetone (coatings, adhesives); gasoline oxygenate; electronics/developer uses. |
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储存于阴凉、通风、干燥库房,库温不宜超过 30 °C,密封、避光、远离火种与热源。 |
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area; temperature ≤30 °C; keep sealed, away from light, ignition sources and heat. |
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使用防爆型电气与工具,采取防静电措施(接地/跨接);禁止易产生火花的机械与工具,禁止用压缩空气装卸。 |
Use explosion-proof equipment; prevent static discharge (ground/bond); no spark-producing tools; no compressed-air transfer. |
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与氧化剂、强酸、强碱分开存放,切忌混储;避免与水长期接触(会缓慢水解)。 |
Segregate from oxidizers, strong acids and strong bases; avoid prolonged contact with water (slow hydrolysis). |
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操作人员佩戴防护手套、护目镜与防毒面具,加强通风,避免吸入蒸气或皮肤接触。 |
Wear gloves, goggles and respirator; ensure good ventilation; avoid vapor inhalation and skin contact. |
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200 L 钢桶(镀锌/烤漆,净重约 200 kg)。 |
200 L steel drum (galvanized, ≈200 kg net). |
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IBC 吨桶(如 800 / 1000 kg)。 |
IBC tote (e.g., 800 / 1000 kg). |
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散装:ISO TANK 罐箱或槽车(可按客户需求提供)。 |
Bulk: ISO TANK or road tanker (available on request). |
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注意:容器须符合 UN 危险货物包装要求(第3类易燃液体,PG II)。 |
Note: containers must meet UN hazardous-goods packaging requirements (Class 3, PG II). |
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在原包装、密闭、阴凉干燥(建议 ≤30 °C,避光、防潮)条件下,建议保质期 12 个月;长期储存须定期检测酸度与水分,超标不得使用。 |
Recommended 12 months under original sealed packaging, cool and dry (≤30 °C, away from light and moisture); for long storage periodically test acidity and water, discard if above limit. |
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GHS 危险性分类(Sigma-Aldrich、Merck、ChemicalBook、hanson 等 SDS 共识):易燃液体 类别2(H225 高度易燃液体和蒸气);皮肤刺激 类别2(H315 引起皮肤刺激);严重眼刺激 类别2(H319 引起严重眼刺激);特异性呼吸道刺激(H335 可能引起呼吸道刺激)。信号词:危险(Danger);象形图:GHS02 + GHS07。注:部分完整 SDS 还会列 H361(可疑生殖损害)、H401/H411(水生危害),以目的国法规为准。 |
GHS classification (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, ChemicalBook, hanson SDS consensus): Flammable liquids Cat. 2 (H225 highly flammable liquid and vapour); Skin irritation Cat. 2 (H315); Serious eye irritation Cat. 2 (H319); Specific target-organ toxicity (respiratory) (H335). Signal word: Danger; pictograms: GHS02 + GHS07. Note: some full SDSs also list H361 (suspected reproductive damage) and H401/H411 (aquatic hazard); follow destination-country regulation. |
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本品易燃,蒸气比空气重(≈3.1),可沿地面扩散至引火源并回火;高浓度蒸气有麻醉/刺激作用,刺激眼与呼吸道。 |
Flammable; vapour is heavier than air (≈3.1) and can travel to ignition sources and flash back; high-concentration vapour is narcotic/irritating and irritates eyes and respiratory tract. |
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灭火用抗醇泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳或砂土;燃烧可能释放一氧化碳(CO)等有毒气体。 |
Use alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, CO2 or sand; combustion may release toxic gases such as CO. |
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毒性 Toxicity:低毒。LD50(大鼠经口)> 5000 mg/kg(Sigma-Aldrich;部分文献记 13.8 g/kg);兔经皮 LD50 ≈ 2.5 g/kg;大鼠吸入 LC50(4h)≈ 140 mg/L。对水体危害等级 WGK 1(德国,文献一致)。 |
Toxicity: low toxicity. LD50 (rat oral) > 5000 mg/kg (Sigma-Aldrich; some refs 13.8 g/kg); rabbit dermal LD50 ≈ 2.5 g/kg; rat inhalation LC50 (4h) ≈ 140 mg/L. Water hazard WGK 1 (Germany; consistent across sources). |
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运输信息 Transport:UN 1161,第3类 易燃液体,包装类别 II;正确运输名称 DIMETHYL CARBONATE(ADR/RID、IMDG、IATA-DGR 一致;ERG 128 易燃液体)。 |
Transport: UN 1161, Class 3 flammable liquid, Packing Group II; proper shipping name DIMETHYL CARBONATE (ADR/RID, IMDG, IATA-DGR consistent; ERG 128 flammable liquid). |
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法规 Regulatory:属易燃液体(第3类,UN 1161 PG II)管理;GB 13690 划为第3.2类中闪点易燃液体。是否列入最新版《危险化学品目录》(2015) 须以官方目录为准;EINECS 210-478-4。 |
Regulatory: managed as flammable liquid (Class 3, UN 1161 PG II); GB 13690 classifies as 3.2 middle-flash flammable liquid. Whether listed in the latest PRC Catalogue of Hazardous Chemicals (2015) is subject to the official catalog; EINECS 210-478-4. |
免责声明 / Disclaimer
本技术数据表(TDS)所载信息基于公开标准、行业惯例及供应商提供的数据编制,仅供用户参考,不构成任何明示或暗示的担保。
The information in this Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is compiled from published standards, general industry practice, and data supplied by the manufacturer/supplier. It is provided for the user's reference only and constitutes no express or implied warranty of any kind.
表中规格为工业级典型参考值,具体指标以每批次《分析合格证(COA)》为准;用户应自行确认产品对特定用途的适用性与合规性,并遵守所在地法律法规。
The specifications listed are typical reference values for industrial grade; actual values are subject to the Certificate of Analysis (COA) of each batch. Users shall independently verify the product's suitability and regulatory compliance for the intended use and shall comply with applicable laws and regulations.
在法律允许的最大范围内,重庆广益化工有限公司不对因使用本数据表或本产品而产生的任何损失、损害或后果承担责任。
To the maximum extent permitted by law, Chongqing Guangyi Chemical Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any loss, damage, or consequence arising from the use of this data sheet or this product.