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正庚烷(n-Heptane,分子式 CH3(CH2)5CH3 = C7H16)是庚烷(C7H16)诸多异构体中的直链、无支链异构体,常温下为无色、易挥发、有特殊汽油味的液体;不溶于水,但可与乙醇、乙醚、氯仿等多数有机溶剂混溶。天然存在于原油中,经石油分馏获得。 |
n-Heptane (CH3(CH2)5CH3 = C7H16) is the straight-chain, unbranched isomer among the many isomers of heptane (C7H16); a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic gasoline-like odor at room temperature. Insoluble in water but miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform and most organic solvents. Occurs naturally in crude oil and is obtained by petroleum fractionation. |
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正庚烷是测定汽油辛烷值(研究法辛烷值 RON 参考物)的标准物质,也是重要的分析试剂与工业溶剂:用作色谱分析(GC/HPLC)参比物质、萃取溶剂、有机合成原料,以及涂料、清洗剂、电子等行业溶剂。属高度易燃液体,具吸入危害与中枢神经麻醉作用,须严格安全管控。 |
n-Heptane is the reference standard for determining gasoline octane rating (research octane number, RON reference) and an important analytical reagent and industrial solvent: used as a chromatography (GC/HPLC) reference, extraction solvent, organic-synthesis feedstock, and as a solvent in coatings, cleaners and electronics. Highly flammable liquid with aspiration hazard and CNS narcotic effects - strict safety control required. |
产品标识 / Product Identification
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CAS 登记号 CAS No. |
142-82-5 |
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分子式 Molecular formula |
C7H16(亦写作 CH3(CH2)5CH3) |
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分子量 Molecular weight |
100.20 g/mol |
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EC 号 EC No. |
205-563-8(EINECS) |
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EC 索引号 EC Index No. |
601-008-00-2 |
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MDL 号 MDL No. |
MFCD00009544 |
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RTECS 号 RTECS |
MI7700000 |
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Beilstein 号 Beilstein |
1730763 |
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PubChem CID |
8905 |
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HS 编码 HS Code |
29011000(中国 8 位;10 位常见 2901100000 China 8-digit 29011000; 10-digit commonly 2901100000;品目 2901「饱和无环烃」;saturated acyclic hydrocarbons) |
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UN 编号 / 危险类别 UN / Class |
UN 1206,第 3 类易燃液体,包装类别 II(PG II);中国危险货物编号 32006 UN 1206, Class 3 flammable liquid, Packing Group II; China DG No. 32006 |
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别名 Synonyms |
正庚烷;庚烷;n-庚烷;二丙基甲烷;n-Heptane; Heptane; Dipropylmethane; Heptyl hydride; Skellysolve C |
注:以下为试剂级(Merck EMSURE / Sigma-Aldrich 等级)典型指标参考;工业级(石油馏分正庚烷)按企业标准或石化相关标准执行,纯度与杂质限度依等级不同。具体以 COA 为准。
Note: typical reagent-grade (Merck EMSURE / Sigma-Aldrich grade) reference specs below; industrial grade (petroleum-derived heptane) follows enterprise or petrochemical standards with grade-dependent purity/impurity limits. Per-COA applies.
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项目 Item |
指标 Specification |
测试方法 Test Method |
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正庚烷含量 Assay (GC) |
≥ 99.0 %(n-heptane basis;LiChrosolv ≥ 99.3 %) |
GC |
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外观 Appearance |
无色透明液体,无机械杂质 / Colorless clear liquid, free of mechanical impurities |
Visual |
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水分 Water (KF) |
≤ 0.01 %(100 ppm) |
KF / GB/T 6283 |
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蒸发残渣 Residue on evaporation |
≤ 0.001 %(10 mg/L) |
GB/T 6324.2 |
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色度 Color (APHA/Hazen) |
≤ 10 |
GB/T 3143 |
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酸度 Acidity (as CH3COOH) |
≤ 0.0005 % |
Titration |
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芳烃(以苯计 Aromatic, as C6H6) |
≤ 0.1 % |
GC |
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沸点范围 Boiling range (97–98 °C) |
≥ 95 % (v/v) 馏出 |
GB/T 7534 |
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密度 Density (20 °C) |
0.683 – 0.686 g/mL |
GB/T 4472 |
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折射率 Refractive index (n20/D) |
1.387 – 1.388 |
GB/T 614 |
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分子式 Molecular formula |
C7H16(CH3(CH2)5CH3) |
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分子量 Molecular weight |
100.20 g/mol |
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外观 Appearance |
无色透明易挥发液体,有特殊汽油味 Colorless clear volatile liquid, characteristic gasoline-like odor |
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熔点 Melting point |
-90.6 °C(文献 -90.5 ~ -91 °C) |
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沸点 Boiling point |
98.4 °C(常压,760 mmHg) |
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密度 Density |
0.684 g/cm³(20 °C;@25 °C 约 0.684;15 °C 约 0.68) |
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相对蒸气密度 Vapor density (air=1) |
3.5(比空气重,可沿地面扩散 heavier than air) |
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蒸气压 Vapor pressure |
约 5.33 kPa(40 mmHg)@ 20 °C(Merck 4.8 kPa @20 °C) |
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闪点 Flash point |
闭杯 −4 °C → 易燃液体 2 类 H225;开杯约 24 °F(−4 °C)/ Closed cup -4C => Flam. Liq. 2 H225; open cup ~24F (-4C) |
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自燃温度 Auto-ignition temp. |
约 215 °C(文献范围 204–223 °C;Sigma 433 °F ≈ 223 °C) |
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爆炸极限 Explosive limits (air, v/v) |
约 1.1 %(LEL)– 6.7 %(UEL)(Sigma 上限 7 %) |
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折射率 Refractive index (n20/D) |
1.387(文献 1.385 – 1.389) |
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pH 值(纯品) |
不适用(非水有机物,近中性 N/A, non-aqueous neutral organic) |
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分配系数 log Pow (n-辛醇/水) |
约 4.66(文献 4.4 ~ 4.66,强亲脂 strongly lipophilic) |
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溶解度 Solubility |
不溶于水(≈0.05 g/L,几乎不溶);与乙醇、乙醚、氯仿等多数有机溶剂混溶 Insoluble in water (~0.05 g/L); miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform and most organic solvents |
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粘度 Viscosity (20 °C) |
约 0.389 mPa·s |
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表面张力 Surface tension |
约 21.1 mN/m(293 K) |
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临界温度 Critical temp. |
约 201.7 °C |
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临界压力 Critical pressure |
约 1.62 MPa |
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燃烧热 Heat of combustion |
约 4817 kJ/mol(25 °C) |
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辛烷值标准物:作为测定汽油研究法辛烷值(RON)的标准参考物,也是发动机爆震试验标准。 |
Octane standard: reference standard for determining gasoline research octane number (RON); also a standard for engine knock testing. |
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分析与色谱:气相/液相色谱(GC/HPLC)参比物质、分析试剂与溶剂;实验室通用溶剂。 |
Analytical & chromatography: GC/HPLC reference substance, analytical reagent and solvent; general lab solvent. |
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萃取与有机合成:油脂、天然产物、高分子等的萃取溶剂;有机合成与医药/农药中间体原料。 |
Extraction & synthesis: extraction solvent for fats, natural products and polymers; feedstock for organic synthesis and pharma/agrochemical intermediates. |
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工业溶剂:涂料、油墨、清洗剂、电子行业(如光刻胶、清洗)溶剂;下游如橡胶、胶粘剂等行业。 |
Industrial solvent: coatings, inks, cleaners, electronics (e.g. photoresist, cleaning) solvent; downstream in rubber, adhesives, etc. |
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阴凉、通风、干燥、防爆库房;远离火种、热源与引火源,库温不宜超过 30 °C;密封。按第 3 类易燃液体管理,使用防爆型照明与通风,禁用易产生火花的设备与工具,容器与管线须可靠接地/跨接防静电。 |
Store in a cool, well-ventilated, dry, explosion-proof area; away from ignition sources and heat (keep <= 30 C); sealed. Managed as Class 3 flammable liquid: explosion-proof lighting/ventilation, no sparking equipment/tools, bond/ground containers and piping against static. |
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操作人员须佩戴耐溶剂手套(丁腈等)、化学防护眼镜与防静电服;在通风良好处操作,避免吸入蒸气。因具吸入危害(H304),严禁经口吸入,误吞禁止催吐并立即就医。避免皮肤长时间/反复接触(可致轻度刺激)。 |
Operators wear solvent-resistant gloves (nitrile etc.), chemical goggles and anti-static clothing; work in well-ventilated areas to avoid vapour inhalation. Because of aspiration hazard (H304), do NOT aspirate orally; if swallowed, do not induce vomiting and seek medical care immediately. Avoid prolonged/repeated skin contact (mild irritation). |
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禁忌:与强氧化剂(过氧化物、硝酸、高锰酸钾)、卤素、强酸等分开存放,切忌混储;正庚烷与强氧化剂、氯、磷等不相容,遇之可剧烈反应。容器宜用钢、不锈钢、高密度聚乙烯或玻璃。 |
Incompatibilities: segregate from strong oxidizers (peroxides, nitric acid, permanganate), halogens and strong acids; n-heptane is incompatible with strong oxidizers, chlorine and phosphorus and reacts violently with them. Prefer steel, stainless steel, HDPE or glass containers. |
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玻璃瓶 / 塑料瓶:500 mL、1 L、2.5 L、4 L 等(试剂/分析级常见包装)。 |
Glass / plastic bottle: 500 mL, 1 L, 2.5 L, 4 L etc. (common reagent/analytical packs). |
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钢桶 Steel drum:25 L、190 L(工业级常见)。 |
Steel drum: 25 L, 190 L (common industrial). |
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IBC 吨桶 / 散装:可按客户需求提供。 |
IBC tote / bulk: available on request. |
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注意:属第 3 类易燃液体、包装类别 II(UN 1206),须使用符合 UN 包装要求的容器并张贴第 3 类危险标识;具体按目的国法规与承运人要求。 |
Note: Class 3 flammable liquid, PG II (UN 1206) - use UN-compliant packaging and affix Class 3 hazard labels; per destination regulation and carrier. |
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在原包装、密闭、阴凉通风(≤ 30 °C,避光、远离热源与火种)条件下,建议保质期 12 个月;开封后宜尽快使用并密封保存,防止挥发、吸潮与污染。 |
Recommended shelf life 12 months under original sealed packaging, cool and dry (<= 30 C, away from light, heat and ignition sources). Use promptly after opening and keep sealed to avoid volatilization, moisture pickup and contamination. |
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GHS 危险性分类(Sigma-Aldrich / Merck、Merck Millipore、ChemicalBook、百度百科/中国 SDS 共识):易燃液体 2 类 H225(高度易燃液体和蒸气);皮肤刺激 2 类 H315;特异性靶器官毒性-一次接触 3 类(麻醉效应)H336;吸入危害 1 类 H304;危害水生环境-急性 1 类 / 长期 1 类 H410。信号词:危险(Danger);象形图:GHS02(火焰)+ GHS07(感叹号)+ GHS08(健康危害)+ GHS09(环境)。注:完整 SDS 以目的国法规为准。 |
GHS classification (Sigma/Merck, Merck Millipore, ChemicalBook, China SDS consensus): Flam. Liq. 2 H225 (highly flammable liquid and vapour); Skin Irrit. 2 H315; STOT SE 3 (narcotic effects) H336; Asp. Tox. 1 H304; Aquatic Acute 1 / Chronic 1 H410. Signal word: Danger; pictograms: GHS02 (flame) + GHS07 (exclamation) + GHS08 (health hazard) + GHS09 (environment). Full SDS per destination regulation. |
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⚠ 高度易燃(最重要):闪点约 −4 °C、沸点约 98 °C,极易挥发,蒸气比空气重,与空气混合爆炸极限约 1.1 %–6.7 %;遇明火、高热、静电火花即燃爆。蒸气可在地面扩散至远处引火源并回燃。须严格防火、防爆、防静电。 |
⚠ Highly flammable (MOST IMPORTANT): flash point ~-4 C, boiling point ~98 C, volatilizes readily; vapour heavier than air; explosive limits with air ~1.1%-6.7%; ignites/explodes on contact with open flame, high heat or static spark. Vapour travels along the ground to a distant ignition source and flashes back. Strict fire/explosion/static control required. |
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⚠ 吸入危害 + 麻醉效应:H304 吞咽并进入呼吸道可能致命(误吞禁止催吐,立即就医);H336 蒸气可致眩晕/嗜睡。应在通风良好处操作,避免吸入。 |
⚠ Aspiration + narcosis: H304 may be fatal if swallowed and enters airways (if swallowed, do NOT induce vomiting, seek medical care immediately); H336 vapour may cause dizziness/drowsiness. Work in well-ventilated areas; avoid inhalation. |
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灭火用泡沫、二氧化碳、干粉或砂土;用水灭火无效(但可用水冷却火场容器)。燃烧可能产生一氧化碳等有毒烟气,消防人员须佩戴防毒面具、在上风向灭火。 |
Use foam, CO2, dry powder or sand; water is ineffective for extinguishing (but may be used to cool containers). Combustion may release toxic CO fumes - firefighters wear respirators and fight from upwind. |
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毒性 Toxicity:急性毒性较低(实际无毒/低毒),但挥发蒸气具麻醉性。大鼠经口 LD50 > 5000 mg/kg;兔经皮 LD50 > 2000 mg/kg;小鼠吸入 LC50(2 h)约 75,000 mg/m³(75 mg/L)。IDLH 750 ppm。职业接触限值:NIOSH TWA 85 ppm(350 mg/m³)、15 分钟上限 440 ppm(1800 mg/m³);OSHA PEL TWA 500 ppm(2000 mg/m³);ACGIH TLV TWA 400 ppm、STEL 500 ppm。对水体危害等级 WGK 2(德国,显著危害水体;以欧盟制造商 Merck/Sigma SDS 为准;部分中国供应商 SDS 误列 WGK 3,本表采用权威制造商值 WGK 2)。 |
Toxicity: low acute toxicity but volatile vapour is narcotic. Rat oral LD50 > 5000 mg/kg; rabbit dermal LD50 > 2000 mg/kg; mouse inh. LC50 (2h) ~75,000 mg/m3 (75 mg/L). IDLH 750 ppm. OEL: NIOSH TWA 85 ppm (350 mg/m3), 15-min ceiling 440 ppm (1800 mg/m3); OSHA PEL TWA 500 ppm (2000 mg/m3); ACGIH TLV TWA 400 ppm, STEL 500 ppm. Water hazard WGK 2 (Germany, significantly hazardous to water; per EU manufacturer Merck/Sigma SDS; some Chinese supplier SDS erroneously list WGK 3 - this TDS uses the authoritative manufacturer value WGK 2). |
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运输信息 Transport:UN 1206,第 3 类易燃液体,包装类别 II(PG II),中国危险货物编号 32006;运输名称 Heptanes(庚烷类)。须使用 UN 认证包装、张贴第 3 类危险标识,海运/空运/公路分别符合 IMDG/IATA/ADR 要求;具体以目的国法规与承运人判定为准。 |
Transport: UN 1206, Class 3 flammable liquid, Packing Group II, China DG No. 32006; proper shipping name Heptanes. Use UN-certified packaging and Class 3 labels; comply with IMDG/IATA/ADR as applicable; per destination regulation and carrier. |
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法规 Regulatory:列入中国《危险化学品目录(2015版,2022调整版)》(序号 2782)及《危险货物品名表》;EC 205-563-8;美国 TSCA 已列;欧盟 REACH 已注册(Active)。经多源核实,正庚烷不属于易制毒、易制爆、重点监管、监控化学品或特别管控化学品;出口中国危险化学品须提供商检与合规 SDS/标签。 |
Regulatory: listed in China's |
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NFPA 704:健康 3 / 易燃 3 / 反应 0(Health 3 / Flammability 3 / Reactivity 0)。 |
NFPA 704: Health 3 / Flammability 3 / Reactivity 0. |
免责声明 / Disclaimer
本技术数据表(TDS)所载信息基于公开标准、行业惯例及供应商提供的数据编制,仅供用户参考,不构成任何明示或暗示的担保。
The information in this Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is compiled from published standards, general industry practice, and data supplied by the manufacturer/supplier. It is provided for the user's reference only and constitutes no express or implied warranty of any kind.
表中规格为试剂级典型参考值,具体指标以每批次《分析合格证(COA)》为准;用户应自行确认产品对特定用途的适用性与合规性,并遵守所在地法律法规。尤其注意本品高度易燃且具吸入危害,须按危险化学品严格管控。
The specifications listed are typical reference values for reagent grade; actual values are subject to the Certificate of Analysis (COA) of each batch. Users shall independently verify the product's suitability and regulatory compliance for the intended use and shall comply with applicable laws and regulations. Note especially that this product is highly flammable with an aspiration hazard and must be strictly controlled as a hazardous chemical.
在法律允许的最大范围内,重庆广益化工有限公司不对因使用本数据表或本产品而产生的任何损失、损害或后果承担责任。
To the maximum extent permitted by law, Chongqing Guangyi Chemical Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any loss, damage, or consequence arising from the use of this data sheet or this product.