次氯酸钠溶液 Sodium hypochlorite solution

CAS 登记号 CAS No.

7681-52-9

分子式 Molecular formula

NaClO（ClNaO）

分子量 Molecular weight

74.44 g/mol

EC 号 EC / EINECS

231-668-3

索引号 Index No.

017-011-00-1

PubChem CID

23665760

MDL 号

MFCD00011120

RTECS 号

NH3486300

UNII

DY38VHM5OD

HS 编码 HS Code

2828900000（中国 8 位 28289000；10 位 2828900000

China 8-digit 28289000; 10-digit 2828900000）

UN 编号 / 危险类别 UN / Class

UN 1791（SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTION，次氯酸钠溶液），第 8 类腐蚀性物质，包装类别 III（PG III）/ UN 1791 (SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTION), Class 8, Packing Group III

中国危险货物编号 China DG No.

83501，第 8 类 腐蚀品（8.3 其他腐蚀品）/ 83501, Class 8 corrosive (8.3 other corrosives)

中国危险化学品目录序号

166（次氯酸钠溶液[含有效氯>5%]，危险化学品目录(2015版)，现行有效

Sodium hypochlorite solution [available chlorine >5%], Catalog of Hazardous Chemicals (2015 ed.), current in-force No. 166）

别名 Synonyms

次氯酸钠溶液；漂白水；安替佛民；Sodium hypochlorite solution；Bleach；Antiformin；Liquid chlorine；Hypochlorous acid sodium salt

项目 Item

指标 Specification (典型值 Typical)

测试方法 Test Method

有效氯（以 Cl 计）Available chlorine (as Cl)

>= 10.0 %（典型工业漂白液；A-I >=13.0 / A-II >=10.0 / A-III >=5.0）/ >=10.0% (typical; A-I >=13.0 / A-II >=10.0 / A-III >=5.0)

碘量法 Titration / GB/T 19106

游离碱（以 NaOH 计）Free alkali (as NaOH)

0.1 ~ 1.0 %

GB/T 19106

铁（Fe）Iron

<= 0.005 %

GB/T 19106

重金属（以 Pb 计）Heavy metals (as Pb)

<= 0.001 %（A 型）/ <=0.001% (Type A)

GB/T 19106

砷（As）Arsenic

<= 0.0001 %（A 型）/ <=0.0001% (Type A)

GB/T 19106

外观 Appearance

浅黄色液体，具刺激性氯气味 / Pale yellow liquid with pungent chlorine odor

Visual

分子式 Molecular formula

NaClO（ClNaO）

分子量 Molecular weight

74.44 g/mol

外观 Appearance

浅黄色至无色透明液体，具刺激性氯气味

Pale yellow to colorless liquid with pungent chlorine-like odor

有效氯 Available chlorine

常见 5 ~ 15 %（w/w）；工业漂白液多为 10 % 左右

Common 5-15% (w/w); industrial bleach typically ~10%

密度 Density

约 1.18 ~ 1.25 g/cm3（20 °C，10~15% 溶液）/ ~1.18-1.25 g/cm3 (20 C, 10-15% soln)

pH 值 pH

约 11.0 ~ 13.0（碱性）/ ~11.0-13.0 (alkaline)

熔点/冰点 Freezing point

约 -16 ~ -20 °C（溶液）/ ~-16 to -20 C (soln)

沸点 Boiling point

约 102 ~ 111 °C（受热分解）/ ~102-111 C (decomposes on heating)

蒸气压 Vapor pressure

约 2.3 kPa（20 °C，接近水的蒸气压）/ ~2.3 kPa (20 C, near water vapor pressure)

溶解度 Solubility

与水混溶，但会逐渐分解并释出氯气；遇酸剧烈反应放出氯气

Miscible with water but decomposes releasing chlorine; reacts violently with acids releasing chlorine

稳定性 Stability

不稳定：受热、光照、与酸/还原剂/有机物接触分解，释出氯气；久存有效氯下降（常温月降约 1%）/ Unstable: decomposes on heat, light, contact with acids/reducers/organics releasing chlorine; available chlorine declines with storage (~1%/month)

禁配物 Incompatibilities

酸（盐酸、醋酸等）、氨及胺类、还原剂、有机物、金属粉末、醇类

Acids (HCl, acetic etc.), ammonia & amines, reducing agents, organics, metal powders, alcohols

NFPA 704

健康 2

易燃 0 / 反应 1（氧化性 OX）/ Health 2 / Flammability 0 / Reactivity 1 (OX oxidizer)

燃烧性 Flammability

不燃（强氧化剂，可助长燃烧、与可燃物反应）/ Non-combustible (strong oxidizer; can intensify fire, reacts with combustibles)

消毒与杀菌：饮用水、泳池、医疗与食品加工业的表面消毒，环境及器械灭菌。

Disinfection & sanitization: drinking water, swimming pools, surface disinfection in healthcare and food industries, environmental and instrument sterilization.

水处理：市政与工业废水、循环冷却水的杀菌灭藻、脱色除臭。

Water treatment: municipal and industrial wastewater, cooling-water microbiological control, de-colorization and de-odorization.

漂白：纺织、造纸、日用化学品的漂白剂。

Bleaching: textiles, paper, and household/industrial cleaning products.

化工合成：作氧化剂用于有机合成、氯化反应、医药与印染中间体。

Chemical synthesis: oxidizing agent in organic synthesis, chlorination, pharma and dye intermediates.

其他：卫生防疫、畜禽养殖消毒、管道与设备清洗等。

Other: public-health/epidemic control, livestock farm sanitation, pipeline and equipment cleaning.

储存于阴凉、避光、通风良好的库房，库温不超过 30 °C；密封容器（聚乙烯/PP/PVC 等耐蚀材质），远离火种、热源、阳光直射；与酸类、氨、胺、还原剂、有机物、金属粉末分开存放，切忌混储。

Store in a cool, dark, well-ventilated area below 30 C; sealed in corrosion-resistant containers (PE/PP/PVC); away from ignition, heat and direct sunlight; segregate from acids, ammonia, amines, reducing agents, organics, metal powders.

操作人员须佩戴防护眼镜、耐氯/耐碱手套（丁腈/橡胶）、防护服与防毒口罩，在通风良好处作业，避免皮肤/眼睛接触与吸入氯气或雾滴。工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水，工后更衣。

Operators wear goggles, chlorine/alkali-resistant gloves (nitrile/rubber), protective clothing and respirator; work in well-ventilated areas; avoid skin/eye contact and inhalation of chlorine/mist. No smoking/eating/drinking on site; change clothes after work.

禁忌：与酸剧烈反应放出有毒氯气；与氨/胺生成氯胺（可生成爆炸性 NCl3）；与有机物/还原剂接触有燃烧爆炸风险；遇光热分解。使用耐蚀容器，禁用易与氯/碱反应的材质。挪动轻装轻卸，防止容器破损泄漏。

Incompatibilities: violent reaction with acids releasing toxic chlorine; with ammonia/amines forms chloramines (incl. explosive NCl3); fire/explosion risk with organics/reducers; decomposes on light/heat. Use corrosion-resistant containers; avoid materials reactive with chlorine/alkali. Handle gently to avoid leakage.

液体：常用 25 kg/桶（HDPE 塑料桶）、200 L 桶、IBC 吨桶（1000 L），亦可槽车/储罐散装（按客户需求）。

Liquid: commonly 25 kg/drum (HDPE), 200 L drum, 1000 L IBC totes; bulk by tank truck or storage tank on request.

注意：属第 8 类腐蚀性物质（UN 1791，PG III），须使用 UN 认证包装并张贴第 8 类腐蚀标识；海运/空运/公路分别符合 IMDG/IATA/ADR 要求；具体按目的国法规与承运人要求。属于海洋污染物（视浓度）/ 环境危害。

Note: Class 8 corrosive (UN 1791, PG III) - use UN-compliant packaging and affix Class 8 labels; comply with IMDG/IATA/ADR; per destination regulation and carrier. May be a marine pollutant (by concentration) / environmental hazard.

在原包装、密封、阴凉避光（≤30 °C）条件下，建议保质期 3 ~ 6 个月（有效氯随温度与光照逐渐衰减，夏季更短）。开封后宜尽快使用，储存中容器应留排气空间以泄放分解产生的气体。

Recommended shelf life 3-6 months under original sealed packaging, cool and dark (<=30 C); available chlorine declines with temperature and light (shorter in summer). Use promptly after opening; containers should allow venting of decomposition gas.

GHS 危险性分类（依据 ECHA C&L 及多数国际 SDS）：金属腐蚀 1 类 H290（可能腐蚀金属）；皮肤腐蚀 1B 类 H314（造成严重皮肤灼伤和眼损伤）；严重眼损伤 1 类 H318（造成严重眼损伤）；特定靶器官毒性·单次接触 3 类 H335（吸入刺激呼吸道，靶器官：肺）；急性水生毒性 1 类 H400（对水生生物毒性极大）；慢性水生毒性 1 类 H410（对水生生物毒性大、影响持久）。补充警示 EUH031：与酸接触放出有毒气体。象形图：GHS05（腐蚀）+ GHS07（感叹号）+ GHS09（环境）；信号词 危险/Danger。

GHS classification (per ECHA C&L and major international SDS): Met. Corr. 1 H290 (may be corrosive to metals); Skin Corr. 1B H314 (causes severe skin burns and eye damage); Eye Dam. 1 H318 (causes serious eye damage); STOT SE 3 H335 (respiratory irritation, lungs); Aquatic Acute 1 H400 (very toxic to aquatic life); Aquatic Chronic 1 H410 (very toxic to aquatic life, long-lasting effects). Supplemental EUH031: contact with acid liberates toxic gas. Pictograms: GHS05 (corrosive) + GHS07 (exclamation) + GHS09 (environment); Signal word Danger.

⚠ 氧化性 + 腐蚀性（最重要）：强氧化剂与腐蚀品，遇酸放出氯气、遇有机物/还原剂可燃烧爆炸。皮肤/眼接触致灼伤；吸入氯气刺激呼吸道。远离开火、酸、氨、还原剂、有机物、金属粉末与热源；储存避光、阴凉、通风。灭火用大量水、雾状水、砂土、二氧化碳；禁用直流水（释放氯气并放热）；消防人员上风向、防毒面具、全身防护。本品不燃，但可助长其他物质燃烧。

⚠ Oxidizer + corrosive (MOST IMPORTANT): strong oxidizer and corrosive; releases chlorine with acids, may burn/explode with organics/reducers. Skin/eye contact burns; inhaled chlorine irritates airway. Keep from ignition, acids, ammonia, reducers, organics, metal powders and heat; store dark, cool, ventilated. Extinguish with water, water spray, sand, CO2; DO NOT use straight stream (releases chlorine, exothermic); firefighters upwind, respirators, full protection. Not combustible but intensifies fire.

健康危害：皮肤腐蚀 1B 类（H314）、严重眼损伤 1 类（H318）、对金属腐蚀（H290）、吸入致呼吸道刺激（H335）；对水生生物毒性极大（H400/H410）。操作时做好职业防护与通风，严防泄漏。

Health: Skin Corr. 1B (H314), Eye Dam. 1 (H318), Met. Corr. 1 (H290), respiratory irritation (H335); very toxic to aquatic life (H400/H410). Use PPE and ventilation; prevent leakage.

运输信息 Transport：UN 1791（SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTION，次氯酸钠溶液），第 8 类腐蚀性物质，包装类别 III（PG III）；中国危险货物编号 83501（第 8 类 腐蚀品，8.3 其他腐蚀品）。须使用 UN 认证包装、张贴第 8 类腐蚀标识（环境危害视浓度），海运/空运/公路分别符合 IMDG/IATA/ADR 要求；具体以目的国法规与承运人判定为准。

Transport: UN 1791 (SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTION), Class 8 corrosive, Packing Group III (PG III); China DG No. 83501 (Class 8 corrosive, 8.3 other corrosives). Use UN-certified packaging and Class 8 labels (environmental hazard by concentration); comply with IMDG/IATA/ADR as applicable; per destination regulation and carrier.

法规 Regulatory：次氯酸钠溶液（含有效氯>5%）列入中国《危险化学品目录(2015版)》（现行有效）序号 166，危险货物编号 83501（第 8 类 腐蚀品）；德国水危害等级 WGK 2；列入《中国现有化学物质名录(2013)》。经核不属于易制毒（445号令三类均不受管控）、不属于易制爆（2017版名录——列氯酸盐/高氯酸盐/过氧化物等，不含次氯酸盐）、不属于重点监管/监控化学品。美国 TSCA 已列；欧盟 REACH 已注册。出口须提供商检（监管条件 AB）与合规 SDS/标签。

Regulatory: sodium hypochlorite solution (available chlorine >5%) is listed in China's (current in-force) at entry No. 166, China DG No. 83501 (Class 8 corrosive); Germany WGK 2; listed in the Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances in China (2013). Verified NOT a precursor (Decree 445 all three categories not controlled), NOT explosively-unstable (2017 list - lists chlorates/perchlorates/peroxides, not hypochlorites), NOT key-supervised/monitored. US TSCA listed; EU REACH registered. Export requires commodity inspection (supervision code AB) and compliant SDS/labels.

NFPA 704：健康 2 / 易燃 0 / 反应 1（氧化性 OX）/ NFPA 704: Health 2 / Flammability 0 / Reactivity 1 (OX oxidizer).

NFPA 704: Health 2 / Flammability 0 / Reactivity 1 (OX oxidizer).