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产品名称 Product Name |
咪唑 / Imidazole (1H-Imidazole) |
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别名 Synonyms |
咪唑、1H-咪唑、1,3-二氮唑、间二氮茂、甘噁啉、甘恶啉、1,3-二氮杂-2,4-环戊二烯、咪唑啉(俗称) / Imidazole, 1H-Imidazole, 1,3-Diazole, Glyoxaline, Iminazole, Miazole, 1,3-Diaza-2,4-cyclopentadiene |
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级别/型号 Grade |
工业级 / 医药级 / 试剂级 / Industrial / Pharmaceutical / Reagent grade(含量 ≥99.0%) |
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商标 Trademark |
按厂家品牌 / Per manufacturer brand |
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形态 Form |
白色至类白色结晶性粉末(晶体亦可)/ White to off-white crystalline powder (crystals also) |
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CAS 登记号 CAS No. |
288-32-4(1H-咪唑,1,3-二氮唑);与 1-甲基咪唑 616-47-7、2-甲基咪唑 693-98-1、4-甲基咪唑 822-36-6、苯并咪唑等严格区分 / 288-32-4 (1H-imidazole, 1,3-diazole); distinct from 1-methylimidazole 616-47-7, 2-methylimidazole 693-98-1, 4-methylimidazole 822-36-6, benzimidazole |
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EC / EINECS 号 |
206-019-2(EINECS,多源确认:ChemicalBook、parchem、Wikiwand、百度百科、ruichubio)/ 206-019-2 (EINECS, multi-source confirmed) |
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添加剂号 Additive No. |
不适用(非食品香料/添加剂;部分为药物结构单元,无 E 编号)/ N/A (not a food additive; drug structural motif, no E-number) |
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海关编码 HS Code |
2933.29(中国海关 8位 29332900 / 10位 29332990「咪唑及其盐——其他仅含氮杂原子的杂环化合物」)/ 2933.29 (China customs 8-digit 29332900 / 10-digit 29332990 'imidazole & salts — other heterocyclic compounds with only N hetero-atoms') |
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PubChem CID |
795(PubChem)/ 795 (PubChem) |
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InChIKey |
RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N(PubChem)/ RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (PubChem) |
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主要用途 Primary Use |
医药中间体(抗真菌/抗原虫药物含咪唑环)、环氧树脂固化剂与聚氨酯催化剂、生化缓冲剂(pKa 6.95,近生理 pH)、金属缓蚀防锈剂、农药/杀虫剂、有机合成与离子液体前体 Pharma intermediate (antifungal/antiprotozoal drugs contain imidazole ring), epoxy curing agent & PU catalyst, biochemical buffer (pKa 6.95, near-physiological), metal corrosion inhibitor, agrochemical/insecticide, organic synthesis & ionic-liquid precursor |
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主要成分 Main Component |
咪唑(Imidazole)学名 1H-咪唑,即 1,3-二氮唑,是一个含两个间位氮原子的五元芳香杂环化合物,分子式 C3H4N2,分子量 68.08。为白色至类白色结晶性固体,易溶于水及多种极性溶剂,具有碱性(共轭酸 pKa ≈ 6.95),可作为近生理 pH 缓冲剂。分子含一个吡啶型碱性氮与一个吡咯型 N-H 酸性氮,呈两性并有配位能力。咪唑环在生物化学(组氨酸、组胺、组氨酸标签蛋白纯化洗脱)、医药(酮康唑/咪康唑/甲硝唑等)、工业(环氧树脂固化、金属防锈)及材料科学中广泛存在。低至中等急性毒性,对皮肤/眼有腐蚀性,并被归类为怀疑生殖毒性(Repr. 1B)。 Imidazole (1H-imidazole, 1,3-diazole) is a five-membered aromatic heterocycle with two meta-positioned nitrogens, formula C3H4N2, MW 68.08. White to off-white crystalline solid, very soluble in water & polar solvents, basic (conjugate-acid pKa ≈ 6.95) and usable as a near-physiological buffer. Amphoteric with one basic pyridine-type N and one acidic pyrrole-type N-H, giving coordinating ability. The imidazole ring is widespread in biochemistry (histidine, histamine, His-tag elution), pharma (ketoconazole/miconazole/metronidazole), industry (epoxy curing, anticorrosion) and materials. Low-to-moderate acute toxicity, corrosive to skin/eyes, classified as suspected reproductive toxicity (Repr. 1B). |
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杂质/副成分 Impurities |
主要杂质:水分、灼烧残渣、重金属(Pb 等)、有关物质(甲基咪唑同系物、未反应原料及缩合副产物)、氯化物、硫酸盐;工业级可能含微量氨/醛类残留。 Main impurities: moisture, ignition residue, heavy metals (Pb etc.), related substances (methylimidazole homologues, unreacted feedstock, condensation by-products), chlorides, sulfates; industrial grade may contain trace ammonia/aldehyde residues. |
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组分 Component |
CAS 登记号 CAS No. |
含量 Content (wt%) |
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咪唑 Imidazole |
288-32-4 |
≥99.0%(工业/医药级,以 C3H4N2 计);高纯试剂 ≥99.5% / ≥99.0% (industrial/pharma, as C3H4N2); ReagentPlus ≥99.5% |
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分子式/分子量 Formula / MW |
C3H4N2 / 68.08(精确质量 68.0374)/ 68.08 (exact mass 68.0374) |
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外观 Appearance |
白色至类白色结晶性粉末或晶体,无臭或微有胺样特征臭 / White to off-white crystalline powder or crystals; odorless or faint amine-like odor |
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颜色 Color |
白色至类白色(长期露光可微黄)/ White to off-white (slightly yellow on prolonged light exposure) |
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气味 Odor |
微有胺样气味(amine-like)/ Faint amine-like odor |
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离子型 Ionic Type |
两性(含一个吡啶型碱性氮与一个吡咯型 N-H 酸性氮)/ Amphoteric (one basic pyridine-type N and one acidic pyrrole-type N-H) |
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熔点 Melting Point |
88 – 91 °C(lit.)/ 88–91 °C (lit.) |
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沸点 Boiling Point |
256 – 257 °C(101.325 kPa)/ 256–257 °C (101.325 kPa) |
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溶解性 Solubility |
易溶于水(20°C 约 633 g/L)、乙醇、乙醚、氯仿;微溶于苯 / Very soluble in water (~633 g/L at 20°C), ethanol, ether, chloroform; slightly soluble in benzene |
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密度 Density |
1.01 g/mL(20°C);堆密度 500–600 kg/m³;另有比重 1.03 之说 / 1.01 g/mL (20°C); bulk density 500–600 kg/m³; specific gravity also cited 1.03 |
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折射率 Refractive Index |
n20/D 1.4801 |
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闪点 Flash Point |
约 145 °C(293 °F,闭杯);个别来源列 146 °C / ~145 °C (293 °F, closed cup); some sources 146 °C |
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pKa |
pKa(咪唑鎓离子,25°C)≈ 6.95(两性:碱性共轭酸 pKaH≈6.95,对应 pKb≈7.05;N-H 酸性去质子 pKa≈14.5)/ pKa (imidazolium, 25°C) ≈ 6.95 (amphoteric: conjugate-acid pKaH≈6.95 → pKb≈7.05; N-H deprotonation pKa≈14.5) |
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粘度 Viscosity |
不适用(固体,水溶液黏度依浓度)/ N/A (solid; aq. solution viscosity depends on concentration) |
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项目 Item |
典型值 Typical |
测试方法/来源 Method / Source |
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咪唑含量 Imidazole content (as C3H4N2) |
≥99.0%(医药/试剂级 ≥99.5%)/ ≥99.0% (pharma/reagent ≥99.5%) |
滴定法 / 气相色谱 Titration / GC |
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熔点 Melting point |
88 ~ 91 °C |
毛细管法 / Capillary (GB/T 617) |
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水分 Moisture |
≤0.5%(试剂级 ≤0.3%)/ ≤0.5% (reagent ≤0.3%) |
卡尔费休 / Karl Fischer |
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灼烧残渣 Residue on ignition |
≤0.1% |
灼烧法 / Ignition |
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氯化物 Chloride (as Cl) |
≤0.01% |
比浊法 / Turbidimetry |
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硫酸盐 Sulfate (as SO4) |
≤0.01% |
比浊法 / Turbidimetry |
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重金属 Heavy metals (as Pb) |
≤10 mg/kg(≤0.001%)/ ≤10 mg/kg (≤0.001%) |
比色法 / Colorimetry (GB/T) |
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有关物质 Related substances |
≤0.5%(单个未知 ≤0.1%)/ ≤0.5% (single unknown ≤0.1%) |
GC / HPLC |
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pH(50 mg/mL 水溶液,25°C) |
9.5 ~ 11.0 |
pH 计 / pH meter |
注:上表为工业/医药/试剂级咪唑典型质量指标,依据 ChemicalBook 供应页、ruichubio、parchem 等真实生产商 TDS/COA 与 EP/BP/USP 各论精神整理。医药级若执行法定各论(EP/BP/USP)须满足对应鉴别、有关物质与残留溶剂要求。实际出厂指标以重庆广益化工每批次《分析检验单(COA)》为准。 Note: typical industrial/pharma/reagent imidazole specs per real manufacturer TDS/COA (ChemicalBook supply, ruichubio, parchem) & EP/BP/USP spirit. Pharma grade per official monograph requires identity, related substances & residual solvents. Actual per batch COA.
Pharma intermediate: building block for antifungal (ketoconazole, miconazole), antiprotozoal (metronidazole), antihypertensive drugs containing the imidazole ring
Epoxy curing agent & PU catalyst: imidazoles (incl. 2-methyl, 2-ethyl-4-methyl) as epoxy cure accelerators, PU catalysts
Biochemical buffer: pKa ≈ 6.95 (near-physiological), used in His-tag protein purification elution & buffers; core motif of histidine & histamine
Metal corrosion inhibition: imidazole & derivatives as vapor/aqueous corrosion inhibitors protecting Cu, Fe surfaces
Agrochemical & organic synthesis: intermediate for insecticides/fungicides; cation backbone of imidazolium ionic liquids
Store sealed, cool, dry, ventilated; hygroscopic—protect from moisture, rain, sunlight
Ambient or 2–8 °C (avoid strong heat sources & >200 °C)
Segregate from acids & strong oxidants (organic base; incompatible with strong oxidants)
Original sealed pack; typical unopened shelf life 24 months (per label/COA)
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GHS 分类 GHS Classification |
GHS05 + GHS08 + GHS07(Danger):H302(吞咽有害)、H314(皮肤腐蚀 1C)、H360D(怀疑损害生育能力或胎儿 1B/Repr. 1B)。皮肤与眼有严重腐蚀/刺激风险。 GHS05+GHS08+GHS07 (Danger): H302 (harmful if swallowed), H314 (skin corrosion 1C), H360D (suspected damage to fertility/unborn child 1B/Repr. 1B). Serious skin/eye corrosion & irritation risk. |
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危害声明 H-statements |
H302(吞咽有害);H314(皮肤腐蚀 1C);H360D(怀疑对生育能力或胎儿造成伤害 1B) H302 (harmful if swallowed); H314 (skin corrosion 1C); H360D (suspected damage to fertility or unborn child 1B) |
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防范说明 P-statements |
P260(勿吸入粉尘/烟/蒸气)/ P280(戴防护手套/护目装备/防护服)/ P301+P312(如误吞咽:立即就医)/ P303+P361+P353(皮肤接触:脱去污染衣物,用水冲洗)/ P305+P351+P338(如进入眼睛:用水小心冲洗)/ P308+P313(怀疑暴露:就医) P260; P280 (gloves/eye/body protection); P301+P312 (if swallowed: call a poison center); P303+P361+P353 (skin: remove clothes, rinse); P305+P351+P338 (eyes: rinse cautiously); P308+P313 (suspected exposure: get medical advice) |
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NFPA 704 |
NFPA 704:健康 H1 / 易燃 F3 / 不稳定 R0(Wikipedia,白色固体,闪点 ~145 °C);可燃固体,粉尘与空气可形成爆炸性混合物 NFPA 704 H1/F3/R0 (Wikipedia, white solid, flash ~145 °C); combustible solid, dust-air mixture explosive |
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急性毒性 Acute Toxicity |
急性毒性中等:小鼠口服 LD50 ~1880 mg/kg(Nishie);大鼠口服 LD50 约 970 mg/kg(来源各异);兔经皮 LD50 > 2000 mg/kg。对皮肤/眼有腐蚀性,吸入粉尘刺激呼吸道。非剧毒但须按腐蚀性化学品防护。 Moderate acute toxicity: mouse oral LD50 ~1880 mg/kg (Nishie); rat oral LD50 ~970 mg/kg (varies); rabbit dermal LD50 > 2000 mg/kg. Corrosive to skin/eyes; dust irritates airways. Not highly toxic but handle as corrosive chemical. |
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危险反应 Hazardous Reaction |
与酸类反应生成盐(放热);与强氧化剂(硝酸、过氧化物、氯酸盐)接触有火灾/爆炸危险,须隔离;粉尘与空气可形成爆炸性混合物;吸湿。 Reacts with acids to form salts (exothermic); fire/explosion hazard with strong oxidants (nitric acid, peroxides, chlorates) — segregate; dust-air mixtures explosive; hygroscopic. |
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灭火 Fire-fighting |
适用灭火介质:水雾、干粉、二氧化碳、泡沫;固体,燃烧产生含氮有毒烟气(氰化氢等),消防员佩戴自给式呼吸器 Suitable media: water spray, dry powder, CO2, foam; solid, burning emits toxic nitrogenous fumes (HCN etc.); firefighters wear SCBA |
工业/医药级:25 kg 纸板桶或 PE 内衬编织袋;高纯试剂级 1 kg / 5 kg / 25 kg 多层防潮包装。须防潮密封。 Industrial/pharma: 25 kg fiber drum or PE-lined woven bag; reagent grade 1/5/25 kg moisture-proof multi-layer pack. Moisture-proof sealed.
原包装、密封、阴凉干燥(常温或 2–8 °C)、防潮、避光保存;未开封典型 24 个月;开封后建议尽快用完(6 个月内)以防吸潮结块 Original sealed pack, cool & dry (ambient or 2–8 °C), moisture-proof, away from light; unopened 24 months; after opening use promptly (within 6 months) to avoid caking
Regulatory: not a food/feed additive, no E-number; regulated as pharma intermediate & chemical raw material; pharma grade per EP/BP/USP monograph (if applicable) & GMP
International ID: EINECS 206-019-2; UNII 7GBN705NH1; RTECS NI3325000; FDA UNII listed; TSCA listed
HS 2933.29 (China 8-digit 29332900 / 10-digit 29332990 'imidazole & salts') — confirmed via ChemicalBook
Transport: UN 2923 Class 8 (corrosive), PG III; WGK 1; REACH registered; shipped as corrosive DG
免责声明 / Disclaimer:本技术数据表仅供参考,不构成任何担保。数据基于编制时可得的公开权威信息,重庆广益化工有限公司不对因使用本表所产生的任何后果承担责任。实际技术参数请以每批次出厂 COA 为准。 This TDS is for reference only and does not constitute a warranty. Values per batch COA prevail.
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