氢氧化钾 Potassium hydroxide

CAS 登记号 CAS No.

1310-58-3

分子式 Molecular formula

KOH（HKO）

分子量 Molecular weight

56.11 g/mol

EC 号 EC / EINECS

215-181-3

PubChem CID

14797

MDL 号

MFCD00003553

RTECS 号

TT2100000

HS 编码 HS Code

2815200000（中国 8 位 28152000；10 位 2815200000

China 8-digit 28152000; 10-digit 2815200000）

UN 编号 / 危险类别 UN / Class

UN 1813（POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, SOLID，氢氧化钾固体），第 8 类腐蚀性物质，包装类别 II（PG II）/ UN 1813 (POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, SOLID), Class 8, Packing Group II

中国危险货物编号 China DG No.

82002，第 8 类 碱性腐蚀品

82002, Class 8 alkaline corrosive

中国危险化学品目录序号

1667（危险化学品目录(2015版)，现行有效

Catalog of Hazardous Chemicals (2015 ed.), current in-force No. 1667）

别名 Synonyms

氢氧化钾；苛性钾；钾灰；Potassium hydroxide；Caustic potash；Potash lye；Potassium hydrate

项目 Item

指标 Specification (典型值 Typical)

测试方法 Test Method

氢氧化钾含量 KOH assay

>= 95.0 %（优等品）；>= 90.0 %（一等品）/ >=95.0% (premium); >=90.0% (first)

滴定 Titration / GB/T 1919

碳酸钾 Potassium carbonate (K2CO3)

<= 1.0 %（优等品）；<= 2.0 %（一等品）/ <=1.0% (premium); <=2.0% (first)

GB/T 1919

氯化物 Chlorides (as Cl)

<= 0.5 %（优等品）；<= 1.0 %（一等品）/ <=0.5% (premium); <=1.0% (first)

GB/T 1919

硫酸盐 Sulfates (as SO4)

<= 0.10 %（优等品）；<= 0.30 %（一等品）/ <=0.10% (premium); <=0.30% (first)

GB/T 1919

铁 Iron (Fe)

<= 0.001 %（优等品）；<= 0.005 %（一等品）/ <=0.001% (premium); <=0.005% (first)

GB/T 1919

重金属 Heavy metals (as Pb)

<= 0.002 %（优等品）；<= 0.005 %（一等品）/ <=0.002% (premium); <=0.005% (first)

GB/T 1919

钠 Sodium (Na)

<= 1.0 %（优等品）；<= 2.0 %（一等品）/ <=1.0% (premium); <=2.0% (first)

GB/T 1919

外观 Appearance

白色片状、粒状、块状或熔融体固体，无臭 / White flakes, pellets, lumps or fused mass, odorless

Visual

分子式 Molecular formula

KOH（HKO）

分子量 Molecular weight

56.11 g/mol

外观 Appearance

白色片状、粒状、块状或熔融体固体，无臭；强吸湿、潮解

White flakes, pellets, lumps or fused mass; odorless; strongly hygroscopic, deliquescent

熔点 Melting point

约 360-406 °C（文献 360-406；无水约 406；工业品熔点略低）/ ~360-406 C (lit. 360-406; anhydrous ~406; technical lower)

沸点 Boiling point

约 1320 °C（文献 1320-1327 °C）/ ~1320 C (lit. 1320-1327 C)

密度 Density

2.04 g/cm3（20 °C，固体）/ 2.04 g/cm3 (20 C, solid)

溶解度 Solubility

极易溶于水（溶解放热），约 112 g/100 g H2O（20 °C）；溶于乙醇；微溶于乙醚

Very soluble in water (exothermic), ~112 g/100 g H2O at 20 C; soluble in ethanol; slightly soluble in ether

pH 值

强碱性；1 M 水溶液约 14；0.1 M 约 13.5

Strongly alkaline; ~14 (1 M aq.); ~13.5 (0.1 M)

蒸气压 Vapor pressure

可忽略（约 0.13 kPa @ 719 °C；常温近不挥发）/ Negligible (~0.13 kPa @ 719 C; essentially non-volatile at ambient)

稳定性 Stability

稳定但极强吸湿；吸收空气中水分与 CO2（生成 K2CO3）；与水剧烈放热

Stable but very hygroscopic; absorbs H2O and CO2 (forms K2CO3); reacts exothermically with water

禁配物 Incompatibilities

强酸、易燃或可燃物、二氧化碳、酸酐、酰基氯

Strong acids, flammables, CO2, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides

NFPA 704

健康 3

易燃 0 / 反应 1（遇水）/ Health 3 / Flammability 0 / Reactivity 1 (water-reactive)

燃烧性 Flammability

不燃（但可助长其他物质燃烧）/ Non-combustible (but can intensify fire of other materials)

化工原料：制造钾盐（碳酸钾、高锰酸钾、磷酸氢二钾、硝酸钾等）、钾皂与液体皂、草酸、氰化钾等。

Chemical feedstock: production of potassium salts (potassium carbonate, potassium permanganate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, etc.), potassium/liquid soaps, oxalic acid, potassium cyanide.

碱性试剂与中和：酸碱中和、pH 调节（电镀液、蓄电池电解液、纺织印染、造纸制浆、石油精炼）。

Alkaline reagent & neutralization: acid-base neutralization, pH adjustment (electroplating baths, battery electrolytes, textile dyeing, pulp & paper, petroleum refining).

日化与医药：皂基、洗涤与护理原料、医药中间体、软皂制备。

Detergents/cosmetics & pharma: soap base, detergent/care raw materials, pharmaceutical intermediates, soft-soap preparation.

食品级：GB 2760 允许作为酸度调节剂，用于调制乳粉、调制奶油粉、饼干、婴幼儿配方食品等加工过程中调节 pH（按生产需要适量使用）。

Food grade: a GB 2760 permitted acid regulator for pH adjustment in processed milk powder, cream powder, biscuits, infant formula, etc. (used as needed in production).

其他：碱性电池与电解液、催化剂、气体吸收剂（吸收 CO2/SO2）、显影、电镀、印制电路板等。

Other: alkaline batteries & electrolytes, catalyst, gas scrubber (absorbs CO2/SO2), developing, electroplating, printed-circuit boards.

储存于阴凉、干燥、通风良好的库房；密封防潮（相对湿度宜低），远离火种、热源；与酸类、易燃物、二氧化碳、金属粉末分开存放，切忌混储。本品虽不燃，但与可燃物接触可加剧燃烧。

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area; sealed against moisture (low relative humidity), away from ignition and heat; segregate from acids, flammables, CO2, metal powders. Not combustible but can intensify fire if mixed with combustibles.

操作人员须佩戴防护眼镜、耐碱手套（丁腈/橡胶）、防护服与防尘口罩，在通风良好处作业，避免皮肤/眼睛接触与吸入粉尘。工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水，工后更衣。

Operators wear goggles, alkali-resistant gloves (nitrile/rubber), protective clothing and dust mask; work in well-ventilated areas; avoid skin/eye contact and dust inhalation. No smoking/eating/drinking on site; change clothes after work.

禁忌：与强酸剧烈中和放热；与铝、锌、锡等金属及若干物质反应放出易燃氢气（有燃爆风险）；吸收空气中 CO2 生成碳酸钾使含量下降。使用耐腐蚀容器（如钢、聚乙烯/PP），禁用易与碱反应的材质。

Incompatibilities: violent exothermic neutralization with strong acids; releases flammable hydrogen with Al, Zn, Sn etc. (fire/explosion risk); absorbs CO2 forming K2CO3 (assay drop). Use corrosion-resistant containers (steel, PE/PP); avoid materials reactive with alkali.

固体：常见 25 kg/袋（内塑外编或牛皮纸复合袋）、桶装（钢桶/塑料桶，如 50 kg、200 kg 等）；亦可按客户需求提供 IBC 吨桶、吨袋等。

Solid: commonly 25 kg/bag (inner-PE/woven or kraft composite), drums (steel/plastic, e.g. 50 kg, 200 kg); IBC totes or FIBC available on request.

注意：属第 8 类腐蚀性物质（UN 1813，PG II），须使用 UN 认证包装并张贴第 8 类腐蚀标识；具体按目的国法规与承运人要求。液体（氢氧化钾溶液）按 UN 1814 管理。

Note: Class 8 corrosive (UN 1813, PG II) - use UN-compliant packaging and affix Class 8 labels; per destination regulation and carrier. Solutions per UN 1814.

在原包装、密封、阴凉干燥（防潮、避光、远离酸与热源）条件下，建议保质期 24 个月（工业级）。氢氧化钾极强吸湿并吸收 CO2，须严格密封保存；开封后宜尽快使用。

Recommended shelf life 24 months under original sealed packaging, cool and dry (moisture-proof, away from light, acids and heat) for industrial grade. KOH is very hygroscopic and absorbs CO2 - keep sealed; use promptly after opening.

GHS 危险性分类：金属腐蚀 1 类 H290（可能腐蚀金属）；急性毒性 4 类 H302（吞咽有害）；皮肤腐蚀 1A 类 H314（造成严重皮肤灼伤和眼损伤）；严重眼损伤 1 类 H318（造成严重眼损伤）。象形图：GHS05（腐蚀）+ GHS07（感叹号）；信号词 危险/Danger。部分 SDS 另列 H402（对水生生物有害，急性 3 类）。

GHS classification: Met. Corr. 1 H290 (may be corrosive to metals); Acute Tox. 4 H302 (harmful if swallowed); Skin Corr. 1A H314 (causes severe skin burns and eye damage); Eye Dam. 1 H318 (causes serious eye damage). Pictograms: GHS05 (corrosive) + GHS07 (exclamation); Signal word Danger. Some SDS also list H402 (harmful to aquatic life, Acute 3).

⚠ 腐蚀（最重要）：强碱，造成皮肤/眼严重灼伤；粉尘/雾滴刺激呼吸道。远离开火、强酸、可燃物、二氧化碳；储存使用防潮、通风。灭火用大量水、砂土、干粉、二氧化碳（雾状水冷却容器）；消防人员上风向、防毒面具、全身防护。本品不燃，但可助长其他物质燃烧。

⚠ Corrosive (MOST IMPORTANT): strong alkali causing severe skin/eye burns; dust/mist irritates respiratory tract. Keep from ignition, strong acids, flammables, CO2; store dry/ventilated. Extinguish with water, sand, dry powder, CO2 (water spray to cool); firefighters upwind, respirators, full protection. Not combustible but intensifies fire.

健康危害：吞咽有害（H302，LD50 大鼠经口约 1230 mg/kg）；皮肤/眼接触造成严重灼伤（H314/H318）；对金属腐蚀（H290）。操作时做好职业防护与通风。

Health: harmful if swallowed (H302, LD50 rat oral ~1230 mg/kg); severe skin/eye burns (H314/H318); corrosive to metals (H290). Use PPE and ventilation.

运输信息 Transport：UN 1813（POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, SOLID），第 8 类腐蚀性物质，包装类别 II（PG II）；中国危险货物编号 82002（第 8 类 碱性腐蚀品）。须使用 UN 认证包装、张贴第 8 类腐蚀标识，海运/空运/公路分别符合 IMDG/IATA/ADR 要求；具体以目的国法规与承运人判定为准。

Transport: UN 1813 (POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, SOLID), Class 8 corrosive, Packing Group II (PG II); China DG No. 82002 (Class 8 alkaline corrosive). Use UN-certified packaging and Class 8 labels; comply with IMDG/IATA/ADR as applicable; per destination regulation and carrier.

法规 Regulatory：列入中国《危险化学品目录(2015版)》（现行有效）序号 1667，危险货物编号 82002（第 8 类 碱性腐蚀品）；德国水危害等级 WGK 1。经核不属于易制毒（445号令三类均不受管控；亦不在「向特定国家出口易制毒目录」——该目录仅列氢氧化钠不列氢氧化钾）、不属于易制爆（2017版名录）、不属于重点监管/监控化学品；国家层面不属列管易制毒（出口无需国家级易制毒出口许可证）。美国 TSCA 已列；欧盟 REACH 已注册（Active）。出口须提供商检与合规 SDS/标签。食品级为 GB 2760 允许酸度调节剂。

Regulatory: listed in China's (current in-force) at entry No. 1667, China DG No. 82002 (Class 8 alkaline corrosive); Germany WGK 1. Verified NOT a precursor (Decree 445 all three categories not controlled; not on the export-to-specific-countries precursor list - which names NaOH only, not KOH), NOT explosively-unstable (2017 list), NOT key-supervised/monitored; no national precursor export licence needed. US TSCA listed; EU REACH registered (Active). Export requires commodity inspection and compliant SDS/labels. Food grade is a GB 2760 permitted acid regulator.

NFPA 704：健康 3 / 易燃 0 / 反应 1（遇水）/ NFPA 704: Health 3 / Flammability 0 / Reactivity 1 (water-reactive).

NFPA 704: Health 3 / Flammability 0 / Reactivity 1 (water-reactive).