|
N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF,分子式 HCON(CH3)2 = C3H7NO)是一种含酰胺键的极性非质子溶剂,常温下为无色透明、略有鱼腥/胺类弱臭、易挥发、强吸湿的液体;是工业上溶解能力极强的「万能溶剂」之一——与水及乙醇、乙醚、丙酮、苯、氯仿等多数有机溶剂任意比例混溶,能溶解多种高分子(聚丙烯腈、聚氨酯、聚氯乙烯、聚酰胺等)、树脂、染料与无机/有机中间体。 |
N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF, HCON(CH3)2 = C3H7NO) is a polar aprotic solvent containing an amide bond, a colorless clear, faint fishy/amine-odored, volatile, strongly hygroscopic liquid at room temperature. Among the broadest-dissolving 'universal solvents' industrially — miscible with water and with ethanol, ether, acetone, benzene, chloroform and most organic solvents in all proportions, and dissolves many polymers (PAN, PU, PVC, polyamides), resins, dyes and inorganic/organic intermediates. |
|
DMF 通常由二甲胺与一氧化碳一步法(甲醇钠催化)或甲酸甲酯/甲酸与二甲胺缩合制得。工业上大规模用于:聚氨酯(合成革/人造革浆料、涂料)、聚丙烯腈(腈纶)湿法纺丝溶剂、医药与农药中间体合成(经 Vilsmeier 试剂参与甲酰化等)、丁二烯/乙炔等气体分离吸收、电子化学品与清洗、涂料脱漆剂及实验室色谱/合成溶剂。属易燃、有毒(经皮吸收)、具生殖毒性,须严格安全管控。 |
DMF is mainly made by one-step reaction of dimethylamine with CO (sodium methoxide catalyst) or condensation of methyl formate/formic acid with dimethylamine. Industrially used in: polyurethane (synthetic/artificial leather paste, coatings), polyacrylonitrile (acrylic fiber) wet spinning solvent, pharma and agrochemical intermediate synthesis (Vilsmeier-formylation), butadiene/acetylene gas separation/absorption, electronic chemicals and cleaning, paint strippers, and lab chromatography/synthesis. Flammable, toxic (dermal uptake), reprotoxic - strict safety control required. |
产品标识 / Product Identification
|
CAS 登记号 CAS No. |
68-12-2 |
|
分子式 Molecular formula |
C3H7NO(亦写作 HCON(CH3)2) |
|
分子量 Molecular weight |
73.09 g/mol |
|
EINECS 号 EINECS No. |
200-679-5 |
|
EC 索引号 EC Index No. |
616-001-00-X |
|
MDL 号 MDL No. |
MFCD00003284 |
|
RTECS 号 RTECS |
LQ2100000 |
|
Beilstein 号 Beilstein |
605365 |
|
PubChem CID |
6228 |
|
HS 编码 HS Code |
29241990(中国 8 位;10 位常见 2924199090 China 8-digit 29241990; 10-digit commonly 2924199090;品目 2924「酰胺基化合物」;非欧盟口径 2924 19 22) |
|
UN 编号 / 危险类别 UN / Class |
UN 2265,第 3 类易燃液体,包装类别 III(PG III);中国危险货物编号 33627 UN 2265, Class 3 flammable liquid, Packing Group III; China DG No. 33627 |
|
别名 Synonyms |
二甲基甲酰胺;二甲替甲酰胺;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;N-甲酰二甲胺;N,N-Dimethylformamide; DMF; Dimethylformamide; N,N-Dimethylmethanamide; Formic acid dimethylamide; N-Formyldimethylamine |
注:参考行业标准 HG/T 2028-2009《工业用二甲基甲酰胺》及团体标准 T/ZZB 0849-2018;试剂级参考 GB/T 17521-1998。电子/试剂级典型纯度更高(≥99.9 %,水分 ≤0.03 %)。以下为工业/电子通用典型值,以 COA 为准。
Note: based on industry standard HG/T 2028-2009 (Dimethylformamide for industrial use) and group standard T/ZZB 0849-2018; reagent grade per GB/T 17521-1998. Electronic/reagent grades have higher typical purity (>=99.9%, water <=0.03%). Industrial/electronic typicals below, per-COA applies.
|
项目 Item |
指标 Specification |
测试方法 Test Method |
|
N,N-二甲基甲酰胺含量 Assay (GC) |
≥ 99.5 %(电子/试剂级 ≥ 99.9 %) |
HG/T 2028-2009 / GC |
|
外观 Appearance |
无色透明液体,无机械杂质 / Colorless clear liquid, free of mechanical impurities |
Visual |
|
水分 Water (KF) |
≤ 0.10 %(电子级 ≤ 0.03 %) |
GB/T 6283 |
|
酸度 Acidity (as formic acid) |
≤ 0.01 %(优级 ≤ 0.003 %) |
Titration / HG/T 2028 |
|
碱度 Alkalinity (as dimethylamine) |
≤ 0.01 %(优级 ≤ 0.003 %) |
Titration / HG/T 2028 |
|
色度 Color (APHA/Hazen) |
≤ 10(优级 ≤ 5) |
GB/T 3143 |
|
密度 Density (20 °C) |
0.944 – 0.948 g/cm³ |
GB/T 4472 |
|
馏程 Distillation range |
152 – 154 °C(≥ 99 % 馏出) |
GB/T 7534 |
|
折射率 Refractive index (n20/D) |
1.428 – 1.432 |
GB/T 614 |
|
蒸发残渣 Residue on evaporation |
≤ 0.005 % |
GB/T 6324.2 |
|
pH 值(20 % 水溶液, 25 °C) |
6.5 – 8.0 |
GB/T 9724 |
|
分子式 Molecular formula |
C3H7NO(HCON(CH3)2) |
|
分子量 Molecular weight |
73.09 g/mol |
|
外观 Appearance |
无色透明液体,略有鱼腥/胺类弱臭;强吸湿 Colorless clear liquid, faint fishy/amine odor; strongly hygroscopic |
|
熔点 Melting point |
-61 °C |
|
沸点 Boiling point |
153 °C(常压,760 mmHg;152.8–153 °C) |
|
密度 Density |
0.944 – 0.948 g/cm³(20 °C;25 °C 约 0.944;@20/4 ℃ 约 0.9487) |
|
相对蒸气密度 Vapor density (air=1) |
2.5(2.51;比空气重,可沿地面扩散 heavier than air) |
|
蒸气压 Vapor pressure |
约 2.7 mmHg(≈ 0.36 kPa)@ 20 °C(Merck 3.77 hPa @20 °C) |
|
闪点 Flash point |
闭杯 57.5 – 58 °C(136 °F)→ 易燃液体 3 类 H226;开杯约 67 °C Closed cup 57.5-58C (136F) => Flam. Liq. 3 H226; open cup ~67C |
|
自燃温度 Auto-ignition temp. |
约 445 °C(833 °F) |
|
爆炸极限 Explosive limits (air, v/v) |
约 2.2 %(LEL)– 15.2 %(UEL)(Sigma/Merck;部分列 2.2–16 %) |
|
折射率 Refractive index (n20/D) |
1.430(文献 1.428 – 1.432) |
|
pH 值(纯品, 200 g/L 水) |
约 7(中性;DMF 本身近中性,为极弱碱,pKa(共轭酸) ≈ -0.30 ~ -0.44) |
|
分配系数 log Pow (n-辛醇/水) |
约 -1.0(文献 -0.87 ~ -1.01,强亲水 strongly hydrophilic) |
|
溶解度 Solubility |
与水完全混溶(任意比例);溶于乙醇、乙醚、丙酮、苯、氯仿等多数有机溶剂;不溶于脂肪烃(石油醚)/ Miscible with water in all proportions; soluble in most organic solvents; insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons (petroleum ether) |
|
粘度 Viscosity (20–25 °C) |
约 0.80 – 0.92 mPa·s(@25 °C 0.802;@20 °C 0.92) |
|
介电常数 Dielectric constant |
约 36.7(25 °C,高介电常数溶剂 high-dielectric solvent) |
|
偶极矩 Dipole moment |
约 3.86 D(气相 gas phase) |
|
吸湿性 Hygroscopicity |
强(须密封防潮 seal to avoid moisture pickup) |
|
聚氨酯与合成革:PU 合成革/人造革浆料溶剂、聚氨酯涂料与胶粘剂溶剂,是湿法PU工艺的关键溶剂。 |
Polyurethane & synthetic leather: solvent for PU synthetic/artificial leather paste, PU coatings and adhesives; key solvent in wet PU processes. |
|
化纤与高分子:聚丙烯腈(腈纶 PAN)湿法纺丝溶剂;聚氯乙烯、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺等树脂的溶解与加工溶剂。 |
Fibers & polymers: wet-spinning solvent for polyacrylonitrile (acrylic, PAN); dissolution/processing solvent for PVC, polyamides, polyimides and other resins. |
|
医药、农药与电子:药物/农药中间体合成(Vilsmeier 甲酰化等);丁二烯、乙炔等气体分离吸收剂;电子化学品与半导体/电路板清洗。 |
Pharma, agrochem & electronics: API/agrochemical intermediate synthesis (Vilsmeier formylation); gas separation/absorbent for butadiene, acetylene; electronic chemicals and semiconductor/PCB cleaning. |
|
涂料、脱漆剂与实验室:涂料/油墨溶剂、工业脱漆剂;实验室色谱(HPLC/GC)与有机合成通用极性溶剂。 |
Coatings, strippers & lab: coating/ink solvent, industrial paint stripper; general polar solvent for lab chromatography (HPLC/GC) and organic synthesis. |
|
阴凉、通风、干燥、防爆库房;远离火种、热源与引火源,库温不宜超过 30 °C;密封、防潮(强吸湿)。按第 3 类易燃液体管理,使用防爆型照明与通风,禁用易产生火花的设备与工具,容器须可靠接地防静电。 |
Store in a cool, well-ventilated, dry, explosion-proof area; away from ignition sources and heat (keep <= 30 C); sealed and protected from moisture (strongly hygroscopic). Managed as Class 3 flammable liquid: explosion-proof lighting/ventilation, no sparking equipment/tools, bond/ground containers. |
|
操作人员须佩戴致密耐溶剂手套(丁腈/氟橡胶)、化学防护眼镜与防渗透服;因 DMF 可经皮肤快速吸收且具生殖毒性,须严格避免皮肤直接接触,手套一旦污染立即更换,禁止用污染手套接触皮肤或面部。加强通风,避免吸入蒸气;孕妇及备孕人员禁止接触。 |
Operators wear dense solvent-resistant gloves (nitrile/fluoroelastomer), chemical goggles and impermeable clothing; because DMF is rapidly absorbed through skin and is reprotoxic, strictly avoid skin contact, change gloves immediately if contaminated, never touch skin/face with contaminated gloves. Ventilate; avoid vapor inhalation; pregnant/planning-to-pregnant personnel prohibited. |
|
禁忌:与强氧化剂(过氧化物、硝酸、高锰酸钾)、强酸、酰氯、卤素、卤代烃等分开存放,切忌混储;DMF 与强氧化剂/卤素可剧烈反应,高温分解产生氮氧化物等有毒烟气。容器宜用镀锌钢、不锈钢、高密度聚乙烯或玻璃内衬。 |
Incompatibilities: segregate from strong oxidizers (peroxides, nitric acid, permanganate), strong acids, acid chlorides, halogens and halogenated hydrocarbons; DMF reacts violently with strong oxidizers/halogens and decomposes at high temperature releasing toxic nitrogen-oxide fumes. Prefer galvanized steel, stainless steel, HDPE or glass-lined containers. |
|
200 L UN 认证钢桶/塑料桶(约 190 kg 净重),宜氮封、密封、防腐材质。 |
200 L UN-certified steel/plastic drum (≈190 kg net); nitrogen-sealed, sealed, corrosion-resistant. |
|
IBC 吨桶(如 1000 kg)。 |
IBC tote (e.g., 1000 kg). |
|
散装:ISO TANK 罐箱(可按客户需求提供)。 |
Bulk: ISO TANK (available on request). |
|
注意:属第 3 类易燃液体、包装类别 III(UN 2265),须使用符合 UN 包装要求的容器并张贴第 3 类危险标识;具体按目的国法规与承运人要求。 |
Note: Class 3 flammable liquid, PG III (UN 2265) - use UN-compliant packaging and affix Class 3 hazard labels; per destination regulation and carrier. |
|
在原包装、密闭、阴凉通风(≤ 30 °C,避光防潮)条件下,建议保质期 12 个月;开封后宜尽快使用并密封保存,防止吸湿、挥发与污染。 |
Recommended shelf life 12 months under original sealed packaging, cool and dry (<= 30 C, away from light and moisture). Use promptly after opening and keep sealed to avoid moisture pickup, volatilization and contamination. |
|
GHS 危险性分类(Sigma-Aldrich / Merck、Merck Millipore、ChemicalBook、日本 NITE/MHLW 共识):易燃液体 3 类 H226(可燃液体和蒸气);急性毒性 4 类(经皮 H312、吸入 H332);严重眼刺激 H319;生殖毒性 1B H360D(可能损害胎儿)。部分 SDS 另列 H373(长期/反复接触损害肝脏)。信号词:危险(Danger);象形图:GHS02(火焰)+ GHS07(感叹号)+ GHS08(健康危害)。注:完整 SDS 以目的国法规为准。 |
GHS classification (Sigma/Merck, Merck Millipore, ChemicalBook, Japan NITE/MHLW consensus): Flam. Liq. 3 H226 (flammable liquid and vapour); Acute Tox. 4 (dermal H312, inhalation H332); Eye Irrit. 2 H319; Repr. 1B H360D (may damage unborn child). Some SDS add H373 (liver, repeated exposure). Signal word: Danger; pictograms: GHS02 (flame) + GHS07 (exclamation) + GHS08 (health hazard). Full SDS per destination regulation. |
|
⚠ 生殖毒性 + 经皮吸收(最重要):DMF 为协调分类的生殖毒性 1B 物质,可能损害胎儿,动物试验有致畸性;IARC 2A 类(可能对人类致癌,肝脏)。且可经皮肤大量吸收,经皮是主要职业暴露途径之一。孕妇/备孕人员严禁接触;操作中严格避免皮肤接触,佩戴耐溶剂手套与防护用具,皮肤沾染立即用大量清水冲洗并就医。 |
⚠ Repro-toxicity + dermal uptake (MOST IMPORTANT): DMF is a harmonized Reproductive Toxicant 1B (may damage unborn child; teratogenic in animals); IARC Group 2A (probable human carcinogen, liver). It is also substantially absorbed through the skin - dermal route is a major occupational exposure pathway. Pregnant/planning-to-pregnant personnel prohibited; strictly avoid skin contact, wear solvent-resistant gloves/PPE, rinse skin immediately with copious water and seek medical care if contaminated. |
|
灭火用雾状水、抗溶泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳或砂土;燃烧分解可能产生一氧化碳、氮氧化物(NOx)等有毒烟气,消防人员须佩戴防毒面具、在上风向灭火。 |
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, CO2 or sand; combustion may release toxic CO and nitrogen-oxide (NOx) fumes - firefighters wear respirators and fight from upwind. |
|
毒性 Toxicity:中等毒性,但经皮吸收显著。大鼠经口 LD50 约 2,800–4,000 mg/kg(Sigma/Merck 3,010;ChemicalBook 4,000;台湾 2,800);兔经皮 LD50 1,500 mg/kg;大鼠吸入 LC50 约 1,948 ppm(4 h)/ 3,300 ppm(2 h)。靶器官为肝脏。职业接触限值:NIOSH/OSHA TWA 10 ppm(30 mg/m³)[皮];ACGIH TLV TWA 10 ppm [皮];中国 MAC 10 mg/m³ [皮]。对水体危害等级 WGK 2(德国,显著危害水体;以欧盟制造商 SDS 为准)。 |
Toxicity: moderate toxicity but notable dermal uptake. Rat oral LD50 ~2,800-4,000 mg/kg (Sigma/Merck 3,010; ChemicalBook 4,000; Taiwan 2,800); rabbit dermal LD50 1,500 mg/kg; rat inh. LC50 ~1,948 ppm (4h)/3,300 ppm (2h). Liver is the target organ. OEL: NIOSH/OSHA TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) [skin]; ACGIH TLV TWA 10 ppm [skin]; China MAC 10 mg/m3 [skin]. Water hazard WGK 2 (Germany, significantly hazardous to water; per EU manufacturer SDS). |
|
运输信息 Transport:UN 2265,第 3 类易燃液体,包装类别 III(PG III),中国危险货物编号 33627;部分法规将次要危险性标为 6.1(毒性)。须使用 UN 认证包装、张贴第 3 类危险标识,海运/空运/公路分别符合 IMDG/IATA/ADR 要求;具体以目的国法规与承运人判定为准。 |
Transport: UN 2265, Class 3 flammable liquid, Packing Group III, China DG No. 33627; some regulations list subsidiary 6.1 (toxic). Use UN-certified packaging and Class 3 labels; comply with IMDG/IATA/ADR as applicable; per destination regulation and carrier. |
|
法规 Regulatory:列入中国《危险化学品目录(2015版,2022调整版)》(序号 460)及《危险货物品名表》;EINECS 200-679-5;REACH 已注册且列入授权清单 Annex XIV(SVHC);TSCA 已列;IARC 2A。经多源核实,DMF 不属于易制毒、重点监管、易制爆、监控化学品或特别管控化学品;出口中国危险化学品须提供商检与合规 SDS/标签。 |
Regulatory: listed in China's |
免责声明 / Disclaimer
本技术数据表(TDS)所载信息基于公开标准、行业惯例及供应商提供的数据编制,仅供用户参考,不构成任何明示或暗示的担保。
The information in this Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is compiled from published standards, general industry practice, and data supplied by the manufacturer/supplier. It is provided for the user's reference only and constitutes no express or implied warranty of any kind.
表中规格为工业级/电子级典型参考值,具体指标以每批次《分析合格证(COA)》为准;用户应自行确认产品对特定用途的适用性与合规性,并遵守所在地法律法规。尤其注意本品具生殖毒性(1B)与易燃性,须按危险化学品严格管控。
The specifications listed are typical reference values for industrial/electronic grade; actual values are subject to the Certificate of Analysis (COA) of each batch. Users shall independently verify the product's suitability and regulatory compliance for the intended use and shall comply with applicable laws and regulations. Note especially that this product is reprotoxic (1B) and flammable and must be strictly controlled as a hazardous chemical.
在法律允许的最大范围内,重庆广益化工有限公司不对因使用本数据表或本产品而产生的任何损失、损害或后果承担责任。
To the maximum extent permitted by law, Chongqing Guangyi Chemical Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any loss, damage, or consequence arising from the use of this data sheet or this product.